Solid Grounds Flashcards
Who won the gold medal in women’s boxing at the Paris Olympics on August 9, 2024?
Imane Khelif
What controversy surrounded Imane Khelif’s victory?
Allegations that Khelif wasn’t a woman but a man boxing against women
What was the argument from those defending Imane Khelif regarding his gender?
Khelif had no male genitals, therefore he was a woman
What is the commonsense definition of ‘woman’?
An adult human female
What did U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson say when asked to define ‘woman’?
I’m not a biologist
What does the current political climate often discourage regarding definitions of gender?
Candor about biological definitions of male and female
How have modern gender theory advocates altered the understanding of sex?
They argue there are more than two sexes or a spectrum of sexual identities
What does the biblical record state about God’s creation of humans?
God created man in His own image; male and female He created them (Gen. 1:27)
What gene is responsible for male sexual development?
SRY gene
What are the two types of gametes that human bodies can produce?
- Sperm
- Eggs
What is the condition of being intersex?
A broad range of chromosomal or anatomical variations affecting external sex characteristics
Does the existence of intersex individuals negate the sexual binary of male and female?
No, they represent variations within the sexual binary
What is a key takeaway regarding chromosomes and sex?
Chromosomes do not determine sex; the SRY gene does
What is a sound definition of ‘woman’?
An adult human being whose body is organized around the production, storage, and delivery of eggs, and the gestation of another human being
What are three empirically based methods to determine if someone is male or female?
- Genitalia
- Chromosomes
- Genetic makeup
What does the presence of XY chromosomes typically specify?
Male sex
What does the presence of XX chromosomes typically specify?
Female sex
True or False: Sex is assigned at birth.
False
Fill in the blank: Human bodies are designed to produce either _______ or _______.
sperm, eggs
What is the relationship between the SRY gene and sex determination?
It triggers the development of male characteristics in embryos
According to the text, what is a common misconception about intersex conditions?
They indicate a third sex or a spectrum of sexes
What historical understanding of sex does the author argue has been confused by modern narratives?
That sex is binary, male or female
What does the author claim about the definitions of ‘woman’ that have emerged in recent years?
They are either circular, absurd, or sound
What example does the author use to illustrate absurdity in redefining personal identity?
Emile Ratelband identifying as a younger age
What is the chromosomal standard for males and females?
XY for male and XX for female
What gene specifically determines sex?
The SRY gene
When is a person’s genetic makeup fixed?
At conception
How is sex defined?
By the type of reproductive cells (gametes) a body is designed to produce
What gametes do males and females produce?
- Males produce sperm
- Females produce eggs
Was Imane Khelif allowed to compete as a female in boxing?
No, Khelif was disqualified from competing as a female
What chromosomes does the International Boxing Association require for a female fighter?
XX chromosomes
What condition was suggested for Khelif based on high testosterone levels and XY chromosomes?
Intersex condition
What intersex condition was confirmed for Khelif?
5-ARD (5-alpha reductase deficiency)
What is the primary effect of 5-ARD?
Prevents the conversion of testosterone into a chemical that masculinizes the male genitalia
How do individuals with 5-ARD typically present externally?
Their genitals look more female
What are the important takeaways regarding human sex?
- Sex for Homo sapiens is binary
- A woman is an adult human female
- A man is an adult human male
What determines sex in humans?
Genetics, specifically the presence or absence of a properly functioning SRY gene
How is sex discovered?
- Observation
- Examining chromosomes
- Genetic analysis
True or False: Chromosomal variations like XXX, XXY, XYY indicate a third sex.
False
What should be the appropriate response to intersex individuals?
To treat them with truth, love, and compassion
What is emphasized about the value of individuals with intersex conditions?
They are made in the image of God and deserve dignity and respect
What should Christians rely on when discussing issues of sex and gender?
Scientifically established principles
Fill in the blank: Humans are either male or _______.
female
What did former ambassador Alan Keyes suggest about moving forward in discussions?
To do our duty and leave the rest in God’s hands
