Solid

Question 1

Process in Tablet Manufacturing

Answer 1

Dispensing
Milling
Blending
Granulation
Tableting
Coating

Question 2

Step in manufacturing process thru weighing and measuring

Answer 2

Dispensing

Question 3

Objective of Dispensing

Answer 3

Accuracy of weight -> uniform dose

Question 4

Methods of Dispensing

Answer 4

Hand scooping and weighing
Weighing with material lifting assistance
Automated dispensaries

Question 5

Issues with Dispensing

Answer 5

Weighing accuracy
Dust control (dust collecting assistance)
Lot control of each ingredient
Material movement

Question 6

Particle size reduction, sizing, crushing, grinding, pulverization

Answer 6

Milling

Question 7

Mill for Cutting

Answer 7

Cutter Mill

Question 8

Mill for Compression

Answer 8

Edge Runner Mill
End Runner Mill

Question 9

Mill for Impact

Answer 9

Hammer Mill
Vibration Mill

Question 10

Attrition

Answer 10

Roller Mill

Question 11

Impact and Attrition

Answer 11

Ball Mill
Fluid Energy Mill

Question 12

Cuts particles using knives; for fibrous materials

Answer 12

Cutter Mill

Question 13

Crushes materials by 2 rotating wheels

Answer 13

Edge Runner Mill

Question 14

Uses a high speed rotor to which swinging hammers are fixed

Answer 14

Hammer Mill

Question 15

Uses air with very high pressure

Answer 15

Fluid Energy Mill

Question 16

Consists of rotating cylindrical rolls

Answer 16

Roller Mill

Question 17

Consists of a rotating cylindrical roll filled with balls

Answer 17

Ball Mill

Question 18

Process of blending materials together into one mass

Answer 18

Mixing

Question 19

All ingredients are loaded together, mixed and discharged as a single batch

Answer 19

Batch Type Mixer

Question 20

Used for blending of free-flowing powders/granules

Answer 20

Tumbling Mixers/Blenders

Question 21

Used in mixing and granulation

Answer 21

High Speed Mixer-Granulators

Question 22

Used in drying of granules or coating of multiparticulates and blending powders before granulation

Answer 22

Fluidized Bed Mixers

Question 23

Convection; Motion of blade or paddle through the product

Answer 23

Agitator Mixer

Question 24

Tumbling Mixers/Blenders

Answer 24

Double Cone
Oblique Cone
Rotating cube
Y Cone
Twin Shell (V) Mixer

Question 25

Particle size enlargement to granules

Answer 25

Granulation

Question 26

Objectives of Granulation

Answer 26

Improve flowability and compressibility

Question 27

2 Methods of Granulation

Answer 27

Wet Granulation Method Dry Granulation Fluid Bed Granulation

Question 28

Most common method; addition of liquid binders to powders

Answer 28

Wet Granulation Method

Question 29

Advantages & Disadvantages of Wet Granulation

Answer 29

Advantages: Increased Compressibility Improved Dissolution Disadvantage: Not applicable to water/ moisture & heat sensitive (ex: Aspirin)

Question 30

Steps in Wet Granulation Method

Answer 30

1. Blending of Ingredients 2. Addition of Liquid Binder/Lubricating Fluid 3. Screening the damp mass (Mesh #6-8) 4. Drying the granulation (0.5 - 1%) 5. Screening the dry granules (Mesh #12-20) 6. Blending with lubricant and disintegrant

Question 31

Moisture Content of Wet Granulation

Answer 31

31-35% Underwet – too soft Overwet – too hard

Question 32

Rapid granulation and drying of batch, spraying of granulating solution onto the suspended particles, the dried rapidly in suspending air

Answer 32

Fluid Bed Granulation

Question 33

Powder mixture is compacted into large pieces and subsequently broken down into granules; for moisture and heat-sensitive materials

Answer 33

Dry Granulation / Precompression / Double Compression

Question 34

Example of substances produced in Dry granulation

Answer 34

Magnesium hydroxide Aspirin Ascorbic Acid Acetaminophen Thiamine

Question 35

Processes in Dry Granulation

Answer 35

Slugging/Slugging Roller Compaction/Ribbon Blending

Question 36

A large tablet (slugs) is produced which is broken via milling to produce granular materials

Answer 36

Slugging/Rotary Compaction

Question 37

Instrument used in Slugging

Answer 37

Rotary Press Hammer Mill Oscillating granulator

Question 38

The powder is squeezed between two rollers to produce a sheet of material

Answer 38

Roller Compaction/Ribbon Blending

Question 39

Instrument used in Roller Compaction

Answer 39

Roller Compactor Chilsonator

Question 40

Compression of tablet components within a die cavity by pressure exerted by movement of 2 punches

Answer 40

Tableting

Question 41

Tableting Machine

Answer 41

Single Punch Press (Eccentric Press) - 200 tab/min Multistation Press (Rotary Press) - >10,000tab/min

Question 42

Parts of Tableting Machine

Answer 42

Hopper Feed Shoe/Feed Frame Die Punches (Upper, Lower) Cam Tracks

Question 43

Part of tableting machine that transfer materials from hopper to die

Answer 43

Feed Shoe or Feed Frame

Question 44

Part of tableting machine that defines the size and shape

Answer 44

Die

Question 45

Part of tableting machine that compress the materials within the die

Answer 45

Punches Upper Punch: Compression Lower Punch: Ejection

Question 46

Part of tableting machine that guides the movement of punches

Answer 46

Cam Tracks

Question 47

Flowability problems

Answer 47

Arching/Bridging – arch-shaped obstruction forms above hopper outlet Rat-Holing – discharge takes place only above hopper outlets

Question 48

Forms a stable, compact mass when pressure is applied

Answer 48

Compressibility