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Geoscience > Solar System > Flashcards

Solar System Flashcards

1
Q

Jovian planets are… (3)

A

Thick atmosphere
No surface (cold)
Inside is hot

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2
Q

Each planet is how much farther from the sun than the one before it

A

2x

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3
Q

Almost all id the mass in SS is where

A

In the sun

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4
Q

Where is Asteroid Belt

A

Between mars and jupiter

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5
Q

Accretion means

A

To conjoin or compress a planet

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6
Q

frost zone-

A

Where planets are so far away from sun ice forms

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7
Q

Where does sun come up

A

East

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8
Q

Planets orbital direction is the same or diff. From the sun?

A

Same

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9
Q

FACT

A

The moon orbits around planets the same direction that the planets orbit the sun

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10
Q

What do planets start out as

A

Nebula cloud

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11
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum starting with low frequency

A

Radio microwave infared visible uv xray gamma rays

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12
Q

Lines of emission-

A

Bright lines on a black background

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13
Q

Photon-

A

Small packet of light energy

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14
Q

Terrestial planets are… (3)

A

Thin atmosphere
Denser (hotter)
Have ground

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15
Q

Why does the gas cloud spin faster

A

Conservation of angular momentum

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16
Q

Refracting tele.

A

Tele. That uses a lens to bend or refract light (bends crosses itself amd then comes parallel again)

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17
Q

Most important part in refracting tele

A

Objective lens so light converges at the focus

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18
Q

Chromatic aberration

A

Propery if a lens where light of diff. Colors is focused at diff. Places

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19
Q

Reflecting tele

A

Tele that reflects light off a concave mirror focusing the image in front of it

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20
Q

Adv. of reflecting tele

A

Most large optical teles are reflecting

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21
Q

Radio tele

A

Tele. desiged to make observations in radio wavelengths

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22
Q

What is radio tele. used for

A

Looking through clouds

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23
Q

Radio tele does whatttt

A

Focuses incoming radio waves on an antenna which absorbs and transmits waves to an amplifier

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24
Q

Interferometry

A

Linking teles. together with computers

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25
Q

What Space shuttle blew up at liftoff

A

Challenger

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26
Q

Gas and dust cloud from which stars and planets form

A

Nebula

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27
Q

Rotating disk of dust and gas that formed the sun and planets

A

Accretion disk

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28
Q

Solid bodies that merged to form the planets

A

Protoplanets

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29
Q

First planet to form

A

Jupiter

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30
Q

First element to solidify in early SS on mercury

A

Tungsten

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31
Q

These planets dont have moons bc too close to ☀️

A

Terrestrial planets

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32
Q

Asteroids orbit ☀️ and range from few km to ______ km in diameter

A

1,000

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33
Q

Most asteroids located where

A

Asteroid belt

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34
Q

Asteroids are thought to be what that never formed planets

A

Plantesimals

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35
Q

Meteroid

A

Piece of broken asteroid or cosmic material

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36
Q

Meteor

A

Meteoroid that entered earths atmosphere

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37
Q

Large meteorite causes impact crater how much bigger than diameter of meteorite

A

10x

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38
Q

Gas giants are on other side of…

A

Frost line

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39
Q

Asteroid

A

Orbiting celestial body that is a few km across

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40
Q

Ability of planet to hold on to an atmosphere depends on…

A

Planets mass

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41
Q

How fast does something have to be going to escape the surly bonds of earth

A

7 miles per second

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42
Q

What are the outer planets made of mostly except for their cores

A

Hydrogen and helium

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43
Q

Theory that ☀️ and planets formed on a disk of dust and gas

A

Nebular theory

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44
Q

What planet goes the fastest around on its orbit (most mph)

A

Mercury

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45
Q

Planet most similar to earth

A

Venus

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46
Q

Planet most similar to uranus

A

Neptune

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47
Q

Why could saturn not have formed close to ☀️

A

Saturn needs cold of space

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48
Q

What were first two effective rovers on mars

A

Spirit and oppurtunity

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49
Q

What form of ES can humans see

A

Visible light

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50
Q

What are ES classified by

A

Wavelength amd frequency

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51
Q

Scientists study radiation with

A

Telescope

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52
Q

Very large array

A

Campus in NM where there are many teles linked together

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53
Q

Adv of hubble tele

A

Its in orbit

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54
Q

James webb tele looks at what ES light

A

Infared

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55
Q

One of big problem with refracting teles

A

Chromatic aberration

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56
Q

What wavelengths bend faster than other

A

Short bend faster than long

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57
Q

TV dish is ex of what tele

A

Radio

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58
Q

Light is a what or what but not at same time

A

Particle or wave

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59
Q

Interferometry is done where

A

In remote locations

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60
Q

Does a refracting tele use light as a wave or particle

A

Wave

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61
Q

First 2 good mars rovers

A

Spirit and oppurtunity

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62
Q

Te separation area between hot and cold parts of early SS

A

Frost zone

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63
Q

Ship that landed on seven minutes of terror

A

Curiosity

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64
Q

Seperation of material depending upon density and mass

A

Differentiation

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65
Q

Least dense planet

A

Saturn

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66
Q

Made up 8% of early SS

A

helium

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67
Q

Made up 90% of early SS

A

Hydrogen

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68
Q

A cloud of gas and dust between stars

A

Interstellar cloud

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69
Q

Zodiac signs correspond to what

A

The constellation that was behind the sun on the day you were born

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70
Q

Precession:

A

Earths wobble lasts 25,000 yrs.

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71
Q

Why do stars move

A

Bc of rotation of earth on its axis

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72
Q

How much to stars move each night

A

1* further west

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73
Q

Circumpolar:

A

When a star is visible year round it is very far N or S bc it circled the pole

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74
Q

Binary systems:

A

Pairs of stars that orbit each other

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75
Q

Parallax

A

When something seems to move but is really just a change in the looker

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76
Q

What is a parsec

A

How many degrees a star moves to tell how far it is (1 arc sec. of a parallax)

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77
Q

Magnitude:

A

How bright something is

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78
Q

Apparent magnitude:

A

How bright something appears from earth

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79
Q

Absolute magnitude:

A

How bright somethings are side by side from 10 parsecs away

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80
Q

How many lys is 10 parsecs

A

32.6

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81
Q

Explain the suns magnitude

A

It has a negative apparent magnitude because it is so bright from earth and its absolute magnitude is 5 because it is very dim from 10 par secs away and 5 is the dimmest the human eye can see from 10 parsecs away

82
Q

How to tell composition of a ⭐️

A

Lines of emission show the specific elements that a ⭐️ contains

83
Q

Doppler effect sounds

A

Lower when away from you. Higher when towards you. Cant hear from a constant distance away

84
Q

FACT ⭐️

A

If a ⭐️ is moving away light is stretched by dop. eff. and will appear redder and infared bc wavelengths will stretch out

85
Q

What goes faster than light

A

NOTHING LIGHT IS ALWAYS SAME SPEED

86
Q

Does reflecting tele use light as particle or wave

A

Particle

87
Q

What is symbol for speed of light

A

C

88
Q

How to find mass of a ⭐️

A

Binary systems

89
Q

How to dind distance to a ⭐️

A

Measure parallax seconds of arc

90
Q

How find motion of a ⭐️

A

Doppler effect

91
Q

2 things make nebula condese

A

Gravity and nearby supernova explosion

92
Q

How do nova explosions help a star condense

A

The shockwave oushes the cloud closer together so that gravity can grab it

93
Q

How much longer will sun burn for

A

5 billion yrs

94
Q

What does fusion do

A

Turns hydrogen into helium

95
Q

Nucleosyntesis

A

The putting together if nucleuss

96
Q

Gravity depends on

A

Mass and distance

97
Q

Final stage of sun

A

White dwarf

98
Q

Star that makes a pulsar

A

Neutron star

99
Q

Next stage of the sun

A

Red giant

100
Q

How fast is light

A

300 million meters per second

101
Q

Dark lines on rainbow backround

A

Absorption line

102
Q

4 forces

A

Gravity Weak Nuclear Electro-magnetic and Strong Nuclear Force

103
Q

Strength of gravity

A

-36

1x10

104
Q

Strength if weak nuclear force

A

-4

1x10

105
Q

Strength of electro magnetic force

A

1

106
Q

Strength of strong nuclear force

A

60

107
Q

Carrier of gravity

A

Graviton

108
Q

Carrier of weak nuclear

A

(W Z) Bosons (particle)

109
Q

Carrier of electromagnetic

A

Photon

110
Q

Carrier of strong nuclear force

A

Gluon

111
Q

Carrier of mass

A

(Higgs) Boson

112
Q

Ex. Of gravity

A

All things with mass pull together

113
Q

Ex. Of weak nuclear

A

Keeps protons amd neutrons from flipping

114
Q

Ex. Of electromagnetic force

A

All forms of light

115
Q

Ex. Of strong nuclear force

A

Keeps atoms together

116
Q

When does string nuclear force take over when protons repel each other

A

When they are within 2/3 the diameter of a proton (nucleosynthesis)

117
Q

What happens to gravity as a ⭐️ burns

A

Decreases because the star is losing mass when it turns mass to energy

118
Q

What happens to the temperature of a ⭐️ as it fuses heavier elements together

A

⭐️ gets more heat and pressure pushing the ⭐️ apart

119
Q

What happens to a ⭐️s surface area as it heats up and loses gravity

A

It expands and cools off

120
Q

What is the result of less gravity larger SA and cooler ⭐️

A

Giant

121
Q

What happens to the atmosphere as gravity loosens

A

The atmosphere is lost as a nebula cloud

122
Q

What size is white dwarf matter

A

Earth

123
Q

What size is normal matter

A

3x ☀️

124
Q

What would happen if the proton and electron collide

A

Neutron ⭐️

125
Q

What size is a neutron ⭐️

A

Size of lincoln

126
Q

What does a neutron star give off (2)

A

Super strong magnetic field and a pulsar

127
Q

Describe black hole

A

No matter only mass and lots of gravity

128
Q

What seperates the universes

A

A brane

129
Q

What seperates a white and black hole

A

Worm hole

130
Q

Why does a neutron ⭐️ collapse

A

Gravity is so great it has no other choice

131
Q

Hottest star color

A

Blue or violet

132
Q

Why do bigger stars have shorter lives

A

Higher fusion rate

133
Q

Electron degeneracy

A

When electrons repel each other providing the cores outward pressure just before helium fusion begins

134
Q

How many stars are binary

A

Most

135
Q

What happens when 2 ⭐️s collide

A

They become more blue more massive and they fuse heavier elements

136
Q

High mass stars are conventionally taken to have a mass bigger than ☀️

A

True

137
Q

All of the red dwarf stars that have ever formed are still in MS today

A

True

138
Q

Once a MS ⭐️ gravity is no longer important in making star structure

A

False

139
Q

Sun will get brighter as it begins to run out of fuel in its core

A

True

140
Q

As a star evolves away from MS it gets hotter

A

True

141
Q

High mass stars can fuse o2 and c in their cores

A

True

142
Q

In a binary system lower massed star is always more evolved

A

False

143
Q

Why doesnt a MS star not collaspe

A

Bc of outward pressure made by hot gases of stellar interior

144
Q

When will sun leave MS

A

5 billion years

145
Q

What is depleted and built up while ☀️ is on MS

A

Hydrogen is depleted and helium is built up

146
Q

What temp is needed to fuse helium

A

10 million *c

147
Q

How much bigger will sun be as a red supergiant

A

100x

148
Q

Is the surface of white dwarf what temp

A

Quite low

149
Q

Do white dwarfs have low luminosity

A

No very high and hot

150
Q

Why is a ⭐️ stable

A

Hydrostatic equilibrium

151
Q

Hydrostatic equilibrium

A

Balance between gravity squeezing in and pressure from nuclear fusion and radiation pushing out

152
Q

What is hydrostatic equilibrium governed by

A

Mass

153
Q

What determines a stars luminosity

A

Temperature

154
Q

How do stars on MS produce energy

A

Making hydrogen to helium

155
Q

Fact

A

Once a ⭐️s core is converted to helium, that may react if temp is high enough

156
Q

What kills the star

A

The making of iron

157
Q

As ⭐️ ages why does its internal compostion change

A

Rising temp

158
Q

Why does ⭐️ internal structure and thing to make pressure change

A

To counteract gravity

159
Q

What is the hot condensed object at center of accretion disk

A

Protocenter

160
Q

A new star does what with the gas an dust around it

A

Pushes it away

161
Q

A ⭐️ with a mass up to 8x ☀️s mass becomes what

A

White dwarf

162
Q

⭐️ with mass 8-20x the mass of the ☀️ becomes

A

Neutron star

163
Q

⭐️ with mass of 20+x the mass of the ☀️ will become what

A

Black hole

164
Q

What is the singularity

A

Point of the black hole

Certain death

165
Q

Event horizon

A

Point of no return

166
Q

What kind if galaxy is the milky way [2]

A

Spiral and symmetrical

167
Q

Where is earth in the milky way

A

In the arm near the tip but not quite at the end

168
Q

Dimensions of milky way

A

10,000 lys thick

100,000 lys long

169
Q

What is intelligent life

A

Life that can interpret and use the electromagnetic spectrum

170
Q

Elliptical galaxies (2)

A

Round oval shape symmetrical

171
Q

Irregular galaxy (3)

A

No shape no symmetry held together by gravity

172
Q

Galaxy cluster:

A

System of galaxies that contain thousands of members of galaxies

173
Q

What galaxy will we eventually hit?

A

Andrometa

174
Q

Red shifts:

A

Show unverse is expanding

175
Q

What do red shifts not show

A

The BIG BANG

176
Q

Hubbles law:

A

Says amount of redshift from the ⭐️ is equal to the distance direction and speed of the ⭐️

177
Q

What is the best evidence of the big bang

A

Cosmic background radiation

178
Q

Dark matter is how much of the universe

A

25%

179
Q

How much of the universe is dark energy

A

73%

180
Q

What does dark energy do

A

Pushes the universe apart

181
Q

What does dark matter do

A

Has gravity and holds galaxies together

182
Q

Dark energy (3)

A

Repulsive force and a characteristic of space and doesnt react with light

183
Q

How fast is the growth of the universe

A

Exponential

184
Q

How do MOST scientists think the universe will end

A

They think it will expand together

185
Q

What is the way less people believe the universe will end

A

The Big Crunch

186
Q

Where is sun in HR diagram

A

Mid of MS not moving

187
Q

Brightest star

A

Red giant

188
Q

How many stars in our galaxy

A

400 billion

189
Q

Best known galaxies

A

Large and small magellan clouds

190
Q

Groups of galaxies

A

Clusters

191
Q

Our galaxy cluster

A

Local group

192
Q

Why does doppler effect happen

A

Movement

193
Q

When did universe start

A

13.7 billion

194
Q

Size of universe when started

A

Atom

195
Q

What will happen in Big crunch

A

Gravity will pull universe back together

196
Q

Big freeze

A

When dark energy will make universe expand at faster rate and end

197
Q

Total amount of matter is doing what

A

Staying same

198
Q

Observations of visible galaxies show

A

Red shift

199
Q

Day shorter than 24 hrs

A

Cederial

200
Q

Starts at 10 million K

A

Fusion

Geoscience (9 decks)

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