Solar System Flashcards
1
Q
Jovian planets are… (3)
A
Thick atmosphere
No surface (cold)
Inside is hot
2
Q
Each planet is how much farther from the sun than the one before it
A
2x
3
Q
Almost all id the mass in SS is where
A
In the sun
4
Q
Where is Asteroid Belt
A
Between mars and jupiter
5
Q
Accretion means
A
To conjoin or compress a planet
6
Q
frost zone-
A
Where planets are so far away from sun ice forms
7
Q
Where does sun come up
A
East
8
Q
Planets orbital direction is the same or diff. From the sun?
A
Same
9
Q
FACT
A
The moon orbits around planets the same direction that the planets orbit the sun
10
Q
What do planets start out as
A
Nebula cloud
11
Q
Electromagnetic spectrum starting with low frequency
A
Radio microwave infared visible uv xray gamma rays
12
Q
Lines of emission-
A
Bright lines on a black background
13
Q
Photon-
A
Small packet of light energy
14
Q
Terrestial planets are… (3)
A
Thin atmosphere
Denser (hotter)
Have ground
15
Q
Why does the gas cloud spin faster
A
Conservation of angular momentum
16
Q
Refracting tele.
A
Tele. That uses a lens to bend or refract light (bends crosses itself amd then comes parallel again)
17
Q
Most important part in refracting tele
A
Objective lens so light converges at the focus
18
Q
Chromatic aberration
A
Propery if a lens where light of diff. Colors is focused at diff. Places
19
Q
Reflecting tele
A
Tele that reflects light off a concave mirror focusing the image in front of it
20
Q
Adv. of reflecting tele
A
Most large optical teles are reflecting
21
Q
Radio tele
A
Tele. desiged to make observations in radio wavelengths
22
Q
What is radio tele. used for
A
Looking through clouds
23
Q
Radio tele does whatttt
A
Focuses incoming radio waves on an antenna which absorbs and transmits waves to an amplifier
24
Q
Interferometry
A
Linking teles. together with computers
25
What Space shuttle blew up at liftoff
Challenger
26
Gas and dust cloud from which stars and planets form
Nebula
27
Rotating disk of dust and gas that formed the sun and planets
Accretion disk
28
Solid bodies that merged to form the planets
Protoplanets
29
First planet to form
Jupiter
30
First element to solidify in early SS on mercury
Tungsten
31
These planets dont have moons bc too close to ☀️
Terrestrial planets
32
Asteroids orbit ☀️ and range from few km to ______ km in diameter
1,000
33
Most asteroids located where
Asteroid belt
34
Asteroids are thought to be what that never formed planets
Plantesimals
35
Meteroid
Piece of broken asteroid or cosmic material
36
Meteor
Meteoroid that entered earths atmosphere
37
Large meteorite causes impact crater how much bigger than diameter of meteorite
10x
38
Gas giants are on other side of...
Frost line
39
Asteroid
Orbiting celestial body that is a few km across
40
Ability of planet to hold on to an atmosphere depends on...
Planets mass
41
How fast does something have to be going to escape the surly bonds of earth
7 miles per second
42
What are the outer planets made of mostly except for their cores
Hydrogen and helium
43
Theory that ☀️ and planets formed on a disk of dust and gas
Nebular theory
44
What planet goes the fastest around on its orbit (most mph)
Mercury
45
Planet most similar to earth
Venus
46
Planet most similar to uranus
Neptune
47
Why could saturn not have formed close to ☀️
Saturn needs cold of space
48
What were first two effective rovers on mars
Spirit and oppurtunity
49
What form of ES can humans see
Visible light
50
What are ES classified by
Wavelength amd frequency
51
Scientists study radiation with
Telescope
52
Very large array
Campus in NM where there are many teles linked together
53
Adv of hubble tele
Its in orbit
54
James webb tele looks at what ES light
Infared
55
One of big problem with refracting teles
Chromatic aberration
56
What wavelengths bend faster than other
Short bend faster than long
57
TV dish is ex of what tele
Radio
58
Light is a what or what but not at same time
Particle or wave
59
Interferometry is done where
In remote locations
60
Does a refracting tele use light as a wave or particle
Wave
61
First 2 good mars rovers
Spirit and oppurtunity
62
Te separation area between hot and cold parts of early SS
Frost zone
63
Ship that landed on seven minutes of terror
Curiosity
64
Seperation of material depending upon density and mass
Differentiation
65
Least dense planet
Saturn
66
Made up 8% of early SS
helium
67
Made up 90% of early SS
Hydrogen
68
A cloud of gas and dust between stars
Interstellar cloud
69
Zodiac signs correspond to what
The constellation that was behind the sun on the day you were born
70
Precession:
Earths wobble lasts 25,000 yrs.
71
Why do stars move
Bc of rotation of earth on its axis
72
How much to stars move each night
1* further west
73
Circumpolar:
When a star is visible year round it is very far N or S bc it circled the pole
74
Binary systems:
Pairs of stars that orbit each other
75
Parallax
When something seems to move but is really just a change in the looker
76
What is a parsec
How many degrees a star moves to tell how far it is (1 arc sec. of a parallax)
77
Magnitude:
How bright something is
78
Apparent magnitude:
How bright something appears from earth
79
Absolute magnitude:
How bright somethings are side by side from 10 parsecs away
80
How many lys is 10 parsecs
32.6
81
Explain the suns magnitude
It has a negative apparent magnitude because it is so bright from earth and its absolute magnitude is 5 because it is very dim from 10 par secs away and 5 is the dimmest the human eye can see from 10 parsecs away
82
How to tell composition of a ⭐️
Lines of emission show the specific elements that a ⭐️ contains
83
Doppler effect sounds
Lower when away from you. Higher when towards you. Cant hear from a constant distance away
84
FACT ⭐️
If a ⭐️ is moving away light is stretched by dop. eff. and will appear redder and infared bc wavelengths will stretch out
85
What goes faster than light
NOTHING LIGHT IS ALWAYS SAME SPEED
86
Does reflecting tele use light as particle or wave
Particle
87
What is symbol for speed of light
C
88
How to find mass of a ⭐️
Binary systems
89
How to dind distance to a ⭐️
Measure parallax seconds of arc
90
How find motion of a ⭐️
Doppler effect
91
2 things make nebula condese
Gravity and nearby supernova explosion
92
How do nova explosions help a star condense
The shockwave oushes the cloud closer together so that gravity can grab it
93
How much longer will sun burn for
5 billion yrs
94
What does fusion do
Turns hydrogen into helium
95
Nucleosyntesis
The putting together if nucleuss
96
Gravity depends on
Mass and distance
97
Final stage of sun
White dwarf
98
Star that makes a pulsar
Neutron star
99
Next stage of the sun
Red giant
100
How fast is light
300 million meters per second
101
Dark lines on rainbow backround
Absorption line
102
4 forces
Gravity Weak Nuclear Electro-magnetic and Strong Nuclear Force
103
Strength of gravity
-36
| 1x10
104
Strength if weak nuclear force
-4
| 1x10
105
Strength of electro magnetic force
1
106
Strength of strong nuclear force
60
107
Carrier of gravity
Graviton
108
Carrier of weak nuclear
(W Z) Bosons (particle)
109
Carrier of electromagnetic
Photon
110
Carrier of strong nuclear force
Gluon
111
Carrier of mass
(Higgs) Boson
112
Ex. Of gravity
All things with mass pull together
113
Ex. Of weak nuclear
Keeps protons amd neutrons from flipping
114
Ex. Of electromagnetic force
All forms of light
115
Ex. Of strong nuclear force
Keeps atoms together
116
When does string nuclear force take over when protons repel each other
When they are within 2/3 the diameter of a proton (nucleosynthesis)
117
What happens to gravity as a ⭐️ burns
Decreases because the star is losing mass when it turns mass to energy
118
What happens to the temperature of a ⭐️ as it fuses heavier elements together
⭐️ gets more heat and pressure pushing the ⭐️ apart
119
What happens to a ⭐️s surface area as it heats up and loses gravity
It expands and cools off
120
What is the result of less gravity larger SA and cooler ⭐️
Giant
121
What happens to the atmosphere as gravity loosens
The atmosphere is lost as a nebula cloud
122
What size is white dwarf matter
Earth
123
What size is normal matter
3x ☀️
124
What would happen if the proton and electron collide
Neutron ⭐️
125
What size is a neutron ⭐️
Size of lincoln
126
What does a neutron star give off (2)
Super strong magnetic field and a pulsar
127
Describe black hole
No matter only mass and lots of gravity
128
What seperates the universes
A brane
129
What seperates a white and black hole
Worm hole
130
Why does a neutron ⭐️ collapse
Gravity is so great it has no other choice
131
Hottest star color
Blue or violet
132
Why do bigger stars have shorter lives
Higher fusion rate
133
Electron degeneracy
When electrons repel each other providing the cores outward pressure just before helium fusion begins
134
How many stars are binary
Most
135
What happens when 2 ⭐️s collide
They become more blue more massive and they fuse heavier elements
136
High mass stars are conventionally taken to have a mass bigger than ☀️
True
137
All of the red dwarf stars that have ever formed are still in MS today
True
138
Once a MS ⭐️ gravity is no longer important in making star structure
False
139
Sun will get brighter as it begins to run out of fuel in its core
True
140
As a star evolves away from MS it gets hotter
True
141
High mass stars can fuse o2 and c in their cores
True
142
In a binary system lower massed star is always more evolved
False
143
Why doesnt a MS star not collaspe
Bc of outward pressure made by hot gases of stellar interior
144
When will sun leave MS
5 billion years
145
What is depleted and built up while ☀️ is on MS
Hydrogen is depleted and helium is built up
146
What temp is needed to fuse helium
10 million *c
147
How much bigger will sun be as a red supergiant
100x
148
Is the surface of white dwarf what temp
Quite low
149
Do white dwarfs have low luminosity
No very high and hot
150
Why is a ⭐️ stable
Hydrostatic equilibrium
151
Hydrostatic equilibrium
Balance between gravity squeezing in and pressure from nuclear fusion and radiation pushing out
152
What is hydrostatic equilibrium governed by
Mass
153
What determines a stars luminosity
Temperature
154
How do stars on MS produce energy
Making hydrogen to helium
155
Fact
Once a ⭐️s core is converted to helium, that may react if temp is high enough
156
What kills the star
The making of iron
157
As ⭐️ ages why does its internal compostion change
Rising temp
158
Why does ⭐️ internal structure and thing to make pressure change
To counteract gravity
159
What is the hot condensed object at center of accretion disk
Protocenter
160
A new star does what with the gas an dust around it
Pushes it away
161
A ⭐️ with a mass up to 8x ☀️s mass becomes what
White dwarf
162
⭐️ with mass 8-20x the mass of the ☀️ becomes
Neutron star
163
⭐️ with mass of 20+x the mass of the ☀️ will become what
Black hole
164
What is the singularity
Point of the black hole
| Certain death
165
Event horizon
Point of no return
166
What kind if galaxy is the milky way [2]
Spiral and symmetrical
167
Where is earth in the milky way
In the arm near the tip but not quite at the end
168
Dimensions of milky way
10,000 lys thick
| 100,000 lys long
169
What is intelligent life
Life that can interpret and use the electromagnetic spectrum
170
Elliptical galaxies (2)
Round oval shape symmetrical
171
Irregular galaxy (3)
No shape no symmetry held together by gravity
172
Galaxy cluster:
System of galaxies that contain thousands of members of galaxies
173
What galaxy will we eventually hit?
Andrometa
174
Red shifts:
Show unverse is expanding
175
What do red shifts not show
The BIG BANG
176
Hubbles law:
Says amount of redshift from the ⭐️ is equal to the distance direction and speed of the ⭐️
177
What is the best evidence of the big bang
Cosmic background radiation
178
Dark matter is how much of the universe
25%
179
How much of the universe is dark energy
73%
180
What does dark energy do
Pushes the universe apart
181
What does dark matter do
Has gravity and holds galaxies together
182
Dark energy (3)
Repulsive force and a characteristic of space and doesnt react with light
183
How fast is the growth of the universe
Exponential
184
How do MOST scientists think the universe will end
They think it will expand together
185
What is the way less people believe the universe will end
The Big Crunch
186
Where is sun in HR diagram
Mid of MS not moving
187
Brightest star
Red giant
188
How many stars in our galaxy
400 billion
189
Best known galaxies
Large and small magellan clouds
190
Groups of galaxies
Clusters
191
Our galaxy cluster
Local group
192
Why does doppler effect happen
Movement
193
When did universe start
13.7 billion
194
Size of universe when started
Atom
195
What will happen in Big crunch
Gravity will pull universe back together
196
Big freeze
When dark energy will make universe expand at faster rate and end
197
Total amount of matter is doing what
Staying same
198
Observations of visible galaxies show
Red shift
199
Day shorter than 24 hrs
Cederial
200
Starts at 10 million K
Fusion
