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Geoscience > Earth and Composition > Flashcards

Earth and Composition Flashcards

0
Q

Longest era

A

Precambrian

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1
Q

What era did earth form

A

Precambrian

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2
Q

What keeps earth hot

A

Radioactivity
Meteors
Gravitational contraction

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3
Q

When was the precambrian

A

First 4 billion years of earth

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4
Q

Where did most of our info on thenprecambrian come from?

A

From precambrian rocks mined from shields

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5
Q

Shields:

A

Large metamorphic rocks within continents, where precambrian rocks are exposed

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6
Q

What are subducted rocks

A

Igneous

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7
Q

Why are there not a lot of precambrian rocks?

A

They were either subducted metamorphosed or eroded away

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8
Q

FACT

A

The first atmosphere was noxious

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9
Q

What was the 2nd atmosphere like?

A

Mostly nitrogen

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10
Q

Where was oxygen brought to us by

A

Stromatolites

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11
Q

How many oxygen molecules is ozone

A

3

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12
Q

Regular breathable oxygen molecules are how many?

A

2

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13
Q

What does ozone protect us from

A

UV light rays

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14
Q

What are the 2 ways the oceans could have formed?

A

Gases comes from volcanoes or

Water came from outer space (uniformitarianism)

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15
Q

What is parent rock

A

Basalt

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16
Q

What did undersea volcanoes form?

A

Small islands of granite

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17
Q

What did small islands of granite form

A

Protocontinents

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18
Q

What did protocontinents form

A

Continents

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19
Q

Continents form…

A

Supercontinents

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20
Q

What did Alfred Wegener think of

A

Continental Drift

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21
Q

What is continental drift

A

Says continents move

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22
Q

What is plate tectonics

A

Tells why continents move

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23
Q

1st supercontinent

A

Rhodinia

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24
Q

2nd supercontinent

A

Pangaea

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25
Q

What is snowball earth

A

Earth covered in ice until rhodinia broke up

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26
Q

3rd supercontinent

A

Pangaea Ultima

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27
Q

Why is pangaea ultima our last supercontinent

A

Bc once the core dies the plate tectonics will stop

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28
Q

Cyanobacteria evoled to do what

A

Become stromatolites to bring us o2

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29
Q

Paleozoic is…

A

Time of fishes

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30
Q

Mesozoic is…

A

Time of dinos

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31
Q

Cenozoic is…

A

Time of mammals

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32
Q

Batholith

A

Covers 100s of sq. km solid rock under pressure

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33
Q

Stock

A

Covers less than 100 sq. km

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34
Q

Laccolith

A

Lake of rock may push up hills

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35
Q

Sill

A

Sheet of magma between rock layers

36
Q

Dike

A

Magma flow through rock layers usually along faults

37
Q

Volcanic neck

A

Central vent of a volcano

38
Q

Lava plateau

A

Layer of lava

39
Q

Intermediate

A

Grey in color (andesite)

40
Q

What are the steps of sed. to met. Rock?

A

Heat pressure and lil bit o water

41
Q

What mtn. Range shows continental drift?

A

Appalachian between europe and US

42
Q

What fossil is on SA and Africa that looks like a crocodile?

A

Mesosaur

43
Q

What are some climate evidence of continental drift?

A

Coal fields in Antartica

Glacial till in India

44
Q

How are sed. Clastic rocks formed?

A

Weathering Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation

45
Q

How is coal formed

A

By old swamp marshes

46
Q

Metamorphic:

A

Rock that has changed through heat pressure and water

47
Q

Sedimentary:

A

Rock made of other things

48
Q

Geologic column

A

The ordered arranmgement of rock in lauers based on age

49
Q

Eons

A

Very longest (condition of earth)

50
Q

Eras

A

2nd longest (dominant life forms)

51
Q

Periods

A

2nd shortest (major events within eras)

51
Q

Epochs

A

Shortest (major events within periods)

51
Q

How many eons was the precambrian

A

3

52
Q

3 facts about precambrian

A

Not many fossils
Mostly simple life forms
Marine and not land life forms

53
Q

What time did trilobites and stromatolites thrive

A

End of percambrian

54
Q

3 facts paleozoic

A

Lots of fossils land and marine life
More complex life
Ended with big mass extinction

55
Q

3 facts mesozoic

A

More complex: reptiles and birds
First mammals: such as dinos
Angiosperm: flowerinf plants

56
Q

What two eras ended with big extinction

A

Palezoic and mesozoic

57
Q

2 facts cenozoic

A

Recent life

Rise of mammals such as mastadons

58
Q

How old is the holocene epoch

A

11,000 yrs

59
Q

Transform fault:

A

When plates move side by side without crystal deformation

60
Q

Where is new earth formed

A

Divergent boundary

61
Q

Ex. Of island arc

A

Japan

62
Q

Divergent boundary:

A

When 2 currents go different ways

63
Q

Sea floor spreading

A

When new earth is created at the divergent boundary

64
Q

What way does iron originally come out at the Mid ocean ridge

A

NORTH

65
Q

Magnetic Reversal

A

When poles flip so lava comes out going south then it keeps switching

66
Q

When is a magnometer stronger (n or s)

A

When iron and rocks are facing north

67
Q

Convergent continent to continent

A

Mountains like himilayan

68
Q

Convergent ocean to ocean

A

Islands like japan with trench and volcanoes

69
Q

Convergent continent to ocean

A

Rockies and andes with trenches and mtns. (Subduction)

70
Q

What happens at Divergent?

A

Plates come apart

71
Q

Divergent ridge

A

Small hump where lava comes up and Where sea floor spreading occurs

72
Q

Divergent rift

A

Where canyon is in between plates

73
Q

Ex. Of transverse boundaries

A

LA and San Fransico; cracked sidewalk

74
Q

These combined to make earth also brought us o2

A

Meteors

75
Q

A tough rock that formed protocontinents

A

Granite

76
Q

Reason earths core stays hot

A

Radioactivity

77
Q

Way earths agenwas found

A

Radiometric dating

78
Q

Made up most of earths first atmosphere

A

Co2

79
Q

This broke into continental plates

A

Lithosphere

80
Q

First rock to form on earth

A

Basalt

81
Q

Landmass not quite big enough to be continent

A

Protocontinent

82
Q

Dominated mesozoic

A

Dinos

83
Q

Whimsical name for earth when may have frozen almost solide

A

Snowball earth

84
Q

Pangaea means

A

All the earth

85
Q

Rift valley

A

Where 2 plates diverge on land creating a basin

86
Q

Mafic:

A

Dark colored have lowerer silica content rich in iron and magnesium

Geoscience (9 decks)

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