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Geoscience > Earth and Composition > Flashcards

Earth and Composition Flashcards

0
Q

Longest era

A

Precambrian

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1
Q

What era did earth form

A

Precambrian

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2
Q

What keeps earth hot

A

Radioactivity
Meteors
Gravitational contraction

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3
Q

When was the precambrian

A

First 4 billion years of earth

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4
Q

Where did most of our info on thenprecambrian come from?

A

From precambrian rocks mined from shields

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5
Q

Shields:

A

Large metamorphic rocks within continents, where precambrian rocks are exposed

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6
Q

What are subducted rocks

A

Igneous

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7
Q

Why are there not a lot of precambrian rocks?

A

They were either subducted metamorphosed or eroded away

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8
Q

FACT

A

The first atmosphere was noxious

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9
Q

What was the 2nd atmosphere like?

A

Mostly nitrogen

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10
Q

Where was oxygen brought to us by

A

Stromatolites

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11
Q

How many oxygen molecules is ozone

A

3

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12
Q

Regular breathable oxygen molecules are how many?

A

2

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13
Q

What does ozone protect us from

A

UV light rays

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14
Q

What are the 2 ways the oceans could have formed?

A

Gases comes from volcanoes or

Water came from outer space (uniformitarianism)

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15
Q

What is parent rock

A

Basalt

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16
Q

What did undersea volcanoes form?

A

Small islands of granite

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17
Q

What did small islands of granite form

A

Protocontinents

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18
Q

What did protocontinents form

A

Continents

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19
Q

Continents form…

A

Supercontinents

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20
Q

What did Alfred Wegener think of

A

Continental Drift

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21
Q

What is continental drift

A

Says continents move

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22
Q

What is plate tectonics

A

Tells why continents move

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23
Q

1st supercontinent

A

Rhodinia

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24
2nd supercontinent
Pangaea
25
What is snowball earth
Earth covered in ice until rhodinia broke up
26
3rd supercontinent
Pangaea Ultima
27
Why is pangaea ultima our last supercontinent
Bc once the core dies the plate tectonics will stop
28
Cyanobacteria evoled to do what
Become stromatolites to bring us o2
29
Paleozoic is...
Time of fishes
30
Mesozoic is...
Time of dinos
31
Cenozoic is...
Time of mammals
32
Batholith
Covers 100s of sq. km solid rock under pressure
33
Stock
Covers less than 100 sq. km
34
Laccolith
Lake of rock may push up hills
35
Sill
Sheet of magma between rock layers
36
Dike
Magma flow through rock layers usually along faults
37
Volcanic neck
Central vent of a volcano
38
Lava plateau
Layer of lava
39
Intermediate
Grey in color (andesite)
40
What are the steps of sed. to met. Rock?
Heat pressure and lil bit o water
41
What mtn. Range shows continental drift?
Appalachian between europe and US
42
What fossil is on SA and Africa that looks like a crocodile?
Mesosaur
43
What are some climate evidence of continental drift?
Coal fields in Antartica | Glacial till in India
44
How are sed. Clastic rocks formed?
Weathering Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation
45
How is coal formed
By old swamp marshes
46
Metamorphic:
Rock that has changed through heat pressure and water
47
Sedimentary:
Rock made of other things
48
Geologic column
The ordered arranmgement of rock in lauers based on age
49
Eons
Very longest (condition of earth)
50
Eras
2nd longest (dominant life forms)
51
Periods
2nd shortest (major events within eras)
51
Epochs
Shortest (major events within periods)
51
How many eons was the precambrian
3
52
3 facts about precambrian
Not many fossils Mostly simple life forms Marine and not land life forms
53
What time did trilobites and stromatolites thrive
End of percambrian
54
3 facts paleozoic
Lots of fossils land and marine life More complex life Ended with big mass extinction
55
3 facts mesozoic
More complex: reptiles and birds First mammals: such as dinos Angiosperm: flowerinf plants
56
What two eras ended with big extinction
Palezoic and mesozoic
57
2 facts cenozoic
Recent life | Rise of mammals such as mastadons
58
How old is the holocene epoch
11,000 yrs
59
Transform fault:
When plates move side by side without crystal deformation
60
Where is new earth formed
Divergent boundary
61
Ex. Of island arc
Japan
62
Divergent boundary:
When 2 currents go different ways
63
Sea floor spreading
When new earth is created at the divergent boundary
64
What way does iron originally come out at the Mid ocean ridge
NORTH
65
Magnetic Reversal
When poles flip so lava comes out going south then it keeps switching
66
When is a magnometer stronger (n or s)
When iron and rocks are facing north
67
Convergent continent to continent
Mountains like himilayan
68
Convergent ocean to ocean
Islands like japan with trench and volcanoes
69
Convergent continent to ocean
Rockies and andes with trenches and mtns. (Subduction)
70
What happens at Divergent?
Plates come apart
71
Divergent ridge
Small hump where lava comes up and Where sea floor spreading occurs
72
Divergent rift
Where canyon is in between plates
73
Ex. Of transverse boundaries
LA and San Fransico; cracked sidewalk
74
These combined to make earth also brought us o2
Meteors
75
A tough rock that formed protocontinents
Granite
76
Reason earths core stays hot
Radioactivity
77
Way earths agenwas found
Radiometric dating
78
Made up most of earths first atmosphere
Co2
79
This broke into continental plates
Lithosphere
80
First rock to form on earth
Basalt
81
Landmass not quite big enough to be continent
Protocontinent
82
Dominated mesozoic
Dinos
83
Whimsical name for earth when may have frozen almost solide
Snowball earth
84
Pangaea means
All the earth
85
Rift valley
Where 2 plates diverge on land creating a basin
86
Mafic:
Dark colored have lowerer silica content rich in iron and magnesium

Geoscience (9 decks)

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