Soils And Application

Question 1

Soils

Answer 1

-Frost heave
-Atmosphere, geosphere and biosphere
-Inputs and outputs
-geomorphic system
-Rapidly lost
-Formed in layers
-Chemical and biological weathering is low
-Physical weathering is high
-Cryohydration

Question 2

Tundra soils

Answer 2

-Lichen
-Mosses
-Dwarf shrubs
-Grasses
-Freeze-thaw in summer

Question 3

Permafrost soils

Answer 3

-Top soil in winter -> -10°C
-Ice lenses
-Pingos

Question 4

Artic vegetation

Answer 4

-1700 species of plants
-Lichen + mosses
-Shallow rooted plants

Question 5

Antarctic vegetation

Answer 5

-500 plant species

Question 6

Cold environment vegetation

Answer 6

-Shallow/ / if any roots or stems
-Perenials (no seeds) -> asexual reproduction
-Can still photosynthesise in low temperatures
-Small leaves

Question 7

Permafrost

Answer 7

Frozen ground which remains frozen all year round for at least 2 consecutive years