SOIL

Question 1

What is soil

Answer 1

The upper most layer of earths crust

Made of minerals and organic matter

Question 2

4 steps of how soil forms

Answer 2

1- organic matter–plants and bugs decompose
2- mineral particles - rocks and other minerals erode and weather
3- chem. weathering- changes in mineral causes it to change and maybe into other compound
s4- mech. weathering - physical/weathering type changes

Question 3

Chemical vs. Mechanical

Answer 3

chem-changes the composition of the rick into new compoundsmech-physical/weathering related changes.

Question 4

3 soil types

Answer 4

clay, sand, slit

Question 5

how does some soil types change

Answer 5

increase/decrease in water amt.temp. chnagemicro-organismsmacro-organisms

Question 6

soil profile

Answer 6

OAEBC
O-organic matter-fallen tree parts
A-some organic matter-small mineral sediments
E- lighter color, nutrient rich layer
B- accumulation of nutrients and minerals from top layers
C-partially weathered bedrock

Question 7

Porosity

Answer 7

volume of space btwnn soil particles

Question 8

permeability

Answer 8

how easily water moves through the pores

Question 9

Groundwater

Answer 9

water flowing in the ground

Question 10

zone of aeration

Answer 10

pores filled with air where water can infiltrate through

Question 11

zone of saturation

Answer 11

when the pores are filled up/saturated with water. can be filtered out.

Question 12

what is the water tab;e

Answer 12

The area that separates the zone or aeration and saturation

Question 13

Soil erosion

Answer 13

natural decay (erosion) of soil

Question 14

what is the mass movement

Answer 14

Sometimes, rock and soil will move on a larger scale

Question 15

what is in soil

Answer 15

air, water, minerals and organics

Question 16

3 factors that affect porosity

Answer 16

1-size
2-shape
3-number of pores

Question 17

how is porosity measured

Answer 17

by pouring water into soil and seeing how much water stays in the soil

Question 18

3 factors that affect permeability

Answer 18

1-size
2-shape
3-number of pores

Question 19

how is permeability measured

Answer 19

measured by how much water comes out

Question 20

what causes soil erosion

Answer 20

over saturated soil
dried out soil
overly steep slopes
earthquakes
no vegatation

Question 21

what is the mass movement triggered by?

Answer 21

Triggered by:
Saturation of soil
Overly steep slopes of hillsides
Removal of vegetation (trees, bushes, etc)
 Earthquakes

Question 22

Describe how to use a soil triangle to identify the texture of a soil.

Answer 22

follow each percent on all three sides til they meet at/in the designated area for each soil texture

Question 23

horizon

Answer 23

a distinct layer of soil

Question 24

aquifer

Answer 24

underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well.

Question 25

How do worms impact the soil?

Answer 25

provide more nutrients and keep it organic

Question 26

What is in it

Answer 26

rocks, minerals, organic matter