Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SCIENCE FINAL > CLIMATE > Flashcards

CLIMATE Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is climate

A

an average weather in a region over a few years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tundra

A

a treeless region, cold, it grows plants, northern hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ice cap

A

freezing, doesn’t grow plants, never above 0 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ice cap

A

freezing, doesn’t grow plants, never above 0 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

factors

A 
let vong
latitude
elevation
topography
vegetation
ocean currents
nearness to water
global winds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

latitude–how does it affect temp

A

closer to the equator is hottercloser to n+s poles(90) is colderbc-equator receive all year sun light –more sun = more heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

latitude–how does it affect precip.

A

0+60 n and s– air rises due to low pressure so their contracts and and squeezes out the moisture–lots of precip30+90 n/s–due to high pressure the molecules are very closely packed and there is no room for water -no precip and dry air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

elevation- how does it affect temp

A

lower elevation- hotterhigher-colderhigher up there is less pressure from other molecules pushing down so it has room to bounce around but lower elevation is being pushed down and has no room to move creating a hotter climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

elevation- how does it affect precipitation

A

higher - cause more precip bc more space for water molecules BUT water can also be too heavy to travel so some higher has less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nearness to water -how does it affect temp

A

water has a specific heat: the amt of energy required to change the temp of a substancecoastal towns have more moderate temp change range than inland towns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nearness to water - how does it affect precip

A

closer to water- more further - less percip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ocean currents- how does it affect temp.

A

water coming from higher latitudes is colder and pushes colder air above it with itwater coming from lower = hotter and pushes hotter air w it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ocean currents - how does it affect precip

A

warm water = warmer air = holds more water and humiditycolder water= colder air- less water and humitywarmer air - expands creating space for water and more evapcolder air- contracts and lets its water go

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

topography - how does it affect temp

A

windward side - air cools as it risesleeward side - air cools as it descends ^ both refer to elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

topography - how does it affect precip

A

wside- lots of precip bc air needs to release moisture to get up the mt.’s peaklside-no moisture left .. dry climate bc all was lost on w side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

global winds temp and precip

A

where ever the winds originate or come from they bring air w the qualities it came from—ex. ocean-humidland-drylower lat-warmhigher lat- cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

global winds temp and precip

A

where ever the winds originate or come from they bring air w the qualities it came from—ex. ocean-humidland-drylower lat-warmhigher lat- cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

vegetation - how does it affect temp

A

trees absorb carbon dioxide-> less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere means a lighter blanket for a cooler tempw/o trees carbon dioxide will accumulate in the atmosphere to created a heavier blanket and keep warmth in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vegetation -how does it affect precip

A

transpiration(where plants take in carbon dioxide and release water into atmosph.)more plants=more transpiration= more humidity=more precip.less plants = less precip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

vegetation -how does it affect precip

A

transpiration(where plants take in carbon dioxide and release water into atmosph.)more plants=more transpiration= more humidity=more precip.less plants = less precip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dry climates

A

have little precip and moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

humid climates

A

more percip and moisture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

temperate climate

A

it is a region that experiences all 4 seasons, its not extremely cold or hot, changes btwn seasons are not dramatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 variables that define climate of a region

A

precip and temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

dry climates

A

have little precip and moisture and yearly percip isn’t big compared to water lost in evap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

2 variables that define climate of a region

A

precip and temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

why do currents curve

A

corriolis effect–spinning earth causes winds and water tp curve as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what factor causes the desert climate

A

topography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

humid tropical

A

no winters, temps above 18 degrees, 200cm of rain per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

humid mid-lat w/ mid winters

A

average temp, coldest month below 18 above -3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

humid mid-lat w/ severe winters

A

average temp below -3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

polar climates

A

temp of warmest month below 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

highland climates

A

varies, cooler and wetter than nearby areas at lower el.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

highland climates

A

varies, cooler and wetter than nearby areas at lower el.

35
Q

types of humid-mid-lat

A

subartic, humid subtropical, maritime west coast, subtropical

36
Q

subartic

A

winter=bitter, long and coldsummer= short and warm40-50 degrees n lat

37
Q

humid subtropical–us

A

winter=mild20+40 lat. summers are hoteastern side of cont.

38
Q

maritime west coast

A

cali to alaska40+60 latmaritime airmild winter and hot sum

39
Q

subtropical

A

30-45 latunique lots of rainonly cali

40
Q

Carbon cycle

A

The process in which carbon moves through our earth ( short term and long term)

41
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere trap in heat radiated by earth

42
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

co2(carbon dioxide), CH4 (methane), H2O(water vapor),ect.

43
Q

Interstadial events

A

intervals lasting a few hundred to thousand years during which icey land(greenland) warms up rapidly then cools at first slowly then quickly - not predicted by milankivitch

44
Q

Carbon cycle changes/imbalance

A

there is an increase in emission from eco-systems and increase in emissions from human activity.there is a decrease in global eco-systems capacity to absorb greenhouse gases.

45
Q

Carbon reservoirs/sinks

A

a reservoirs where some form of carbon is storedex- oceans, rocks, atmosphere

46
Q

respiration

A

breathing (co2)

47
Q

photosynthesis

A

plants absorbing co2

48
Q

combustion

A

burning

49
Q

weathering

A

carbon stored in rocks

50
Q

decomposition

A

plants and animals break down to basic elements

51
Q

short term carbon cycle

A

This cycle operates over one to a few hundreds of years.​works by photosynthesis of green plants, the largest contribution comes from ocean surfacephytoplanktonrespiration and decompositionTheshort-term carbon cyclerefers to the circulation of carbon among the surface reservoirs: the ocean, the atmosphere, the soil, and the biosphere (Figure 2). As noted, this cycling can be rapid, taking from months to decades to centuries. In the land-based part of the short-term carbon cycle, photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere. The reaction for photosynthesis, which is driven by sunlight,

52
Q

long term carbon cycle

A

​​It operates over thousands to hundreds of thousands of years through the land and oceans. In both cases the organic carbon from dead life forms is pressurized over ages of time to form solid fossil carbon.​​On land this is fossil carbon- coal, oil and gas. The coal we burn up in no time took millions of years to form.​​The ocean process forms rock- limestone and dolomite.This starts with the minute ocean surface plants called phytoplankton. This is how most of the carbon dioxide gets absorbed. Through the ocean food chain the carbon gets converted by shell forming organisns to calcium carbonite. Throughages of time and pressure in the ocean floor sediment, calcium carbonate based rock is formed- limestone and dolomite.We are rapidly returning this carbon to the atmosphere by burning it. Land fossil carbon we burn to produce heat energy as fossil fuels. ​Limestone we burn to make cement.

53
Q

largest carbon resevior

A

ocean

54
Q

what does carbon in the atmosphere do for our planet

A

absorbs visible light(sunlight) and keeps most of the heat in. the trees release co2 so when there is trees it becomes hotter.

55
Q

how do humans lead to an imbalance

A

we burn fossil fuels, which releases more co2, when there is too much co2 there becomes an imbalance

56
Q

What are the 3 cycles that are closely related to historical climate change in Earth’s past? Describe them. What are the lengths of these cycles?

A

Eccentricity–Over a time period of 100,000 years, the orbit ranges from being a nearly perfect circle to being an oval and back to a near-circle again. provides more sunlight to different parts of the earth based on which side is closer to the sun in its orbittilt–The earth’s tilt,causes the seasons, one side is getting more sunlight ehich affects climate, 40,000 yearsprecession–The precession is how much the earth wobbles on its axis. it takes 20,000 and it affects the amount of sunlight each hemp. gets

57
Q

what cycle does milankavitch coincide with?

A

the basic climate cycle

58
Q

how are ice layers similar to tree trunks

A

they both hav layers from several past yearsrings and layers help determine age

59
Q

why is data from older ice less reliable

A

bc as it gets older the pressure that has been exerted on the ice cores has caused more and more distoration and it becomes hard to read

60
Q

what are the five secrets

A

ice remembrance, thickness of ice layers, dust particles, oxygen isotopes, air bubbles

61
Q

air bubbles

A

ancient air gets trapped as gas formswe extract the air from the ice core adn we study it to see all the molecules and determine its composition knowing comp. and greenhouse affect so we can estimate temp.

62
Q

thickness of layers

A

thicker layers= more percip. that shows there was a warmer climate bc there was more room for moisture

63
Q

isotopes

A

water can be heavier if it contains isotopes of oxygyn that have an extra neutronwhen humid air is cold, heavier h2o falls first and by the time the air hits land only light h2o remains– so if you mostly seeh2o you know it was colder

64
Q

wind blown materials

A

coaser dust= greater windscomposition of dust=trace its origin and wind patterns

65
Q

How do humans impact climate (other than altering the 7 climate factors)?

A

we increase greenhouse gasses–which affects climate

66
Q

what are the other 7 climate factors

A

lat, ele, ocean/wind currents, nearness to water, topography, vegetation, humans

67
Q

Discuss observed changes that Earth has experienced since the industrial revolution?

A

an increase in ghg- from burning fossil fuels, production of cement, mass produced live stock, farming, urbanization, landfills ect.

68
Q

what are the potential impacts of the current changing global climate?

A

errosion and costal flooding, storm intensity, more droughts and floods, changes in ocean currents, coral bleaching, loss of biodiversity, shorting growing seasons

69
Q

explain erosion and costal flooding as an effect of cc

A

there is less room for growing population and it causes damage to habitat and communities

70
Q

explain storm intensity and frequency as an effect of cc

A

rising ocean temp= more evap = more humidity which leads to hurricanes

71
Q

explain changes in ocean currents as an effect of cc

A

ocean currents are caused by convection which is caused by densitythe ice caps melting is releasing more fresh water into the salt water ocean which affects the concentration which affects the convections which ultimately stops it.

72
Q

explain coral bleaching as an effect of cc

A

coral is very sensitive and can nay live in specific temps w specific ph levelsthe increase in ghg and ocean temp creates more acidic rain which causes the algae to diethe coral itself isn’t the problem its the increase in temp which affects it\this is bad bc it affects environment and habitat and stops it from calming waves, and impacts tourism

73
Q

explain shorter growing seasons as an effect of cc

A

less crop= less money

74
Q

explain loss of bio diversity as an effect of cc

A

loss of species– it will affect food chain, ecological services, health and economic issues etc.

75
Q

What is the difference between adaptation and mitigation?

A

adaptation is the adjustment to climate change and mitigation is the stopping of climate change from changing

76
Q

two pros of adaptation

A

longer growing systemsmore revenue from foodavalibility to stronger roads, bridges ect

77
Q

two examples of adaptation

A

harvesting or reusing of rain watercrop relocation, adjustment of planting dates an improved land management

78
Q

two cons of adaptation

A

limits to human tolerancetech. and financial constrains

79
Q

two examples of mitigation

A

improved electrical appliances reduced deforestation and more re-forrestation

80
Q

two pros of mitigation

A

creates markets for low emission technologiesmay stimulate techno diffusion

81
Q

two cons of mitigation

A

periodic revisions of standards neededeffectiveness may drop w higher incomes

82
Q

Briefly explain the “north/south” debate

A

the north would be developed countries and south is developING countries they are trying to figure out who is responsible for the biggest factor to our climate changing –emmisions of ghgthe north used to burn more but the south is now burning more

83
Q

who is responsible for the financing and people???

A

they don’t know yet

84
Q

specific heat

A

: the amt of energy required to change the temp of a substance

SCIENCE FINAL (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions