GEOLOGY

Question 1

Rock

Answer 1

a natural formed soil usually made of one or more minerals( exception- some are made from organic matter)

Question 2

mineral

Answer 2

a solid naturally, inorganic substance(not formed from life) w a specific atomic structure

Question 3

igneous

Answer 3

formed from cooled molten rock

Question 4

Sedimentary

Answer 4

from sediments compacting together

Question 5

Metamorphic

Answer 5

from other rocks that have been charged by heat and pressure

Question 6

Sediment

Answer 6

pieces of broken down materials

Question 7

Molten rock

Answer 7

Made liquid by heat; melted

Question 8

Principle of Original Horizontality

Answer 8

This principle states that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity.

Question 9

Uplift

Answer 9

\
| |
o y
pressure from one side underneath of the rock pushing it up

Question 10

Cross-Cutting

Answer 10

—–//////—–
o y m

lava/molten rock flows down cutting the rock, OR pressure from under the rock causes molten

Question 11

unconformity

Answer 11

o////////m

pressure pushed from under the lower rock and then water came and eroded the top layer to be flat.

Question 12

Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks are usually made of what

Answer 12

Minerals

Question 13

Which process is necessary for the formation of an igneous rock?

Answer 13

solidification

Question 14

Name the “father of geology”

Answer 14

James Hutton

Question 15

faulting/fracturing

Answer 15

y———_____
_____———–o

plates move

Question 16

folding

Answer 16

y
/\/\/\
/\/\/\
o

pressure from the sides pushing towards one another creates folding

Question 17

glacial erratic

Answer 17

y
___0___o

dragged there by a glacier and as it receded back it left it there

Question 18

Fine texture

Answer 18

smaller sized grains/sedimen

Question 19

Cementation

Answer 19

sediments naturally gluing together because of light pressure

Question 20

Coarse texture

Answer 20

larger sized grains

Question 21

Weathering

Answer 21

the wearing down of a rock

Question 22

Erosion

Answer 22

the movement of newly created sediments from their original location

Question 23

Bioclastic texture

Answer 23

immense heat and pressure exposed to a particular spot or a large region, resulting in rocks changing

Question 24

Clastic texture

Answer 24

pieces of rock compacted together

Question 25

Metamorphism

Answer 25

immense heat and pressure exposed to a particular spot or region, rustling in rocks changing.

Question 26

Sediment

Answer 26

bits and pieces of a material (usually other rocks)

Question 27

Evaporite Rocks

Answer 27

sedimentary rocks formed from water-soluble minerals compact together

Question 28

precipitate

Answer 28

to separate from a solution as a precipitate i.e. salt

Question 29

Crystalline

Answer 29

of or like crystal; clear; transparent.

Question 30

what is mining

Answer 30

The process extracting and obtaining materials or other resources from Earth

Question 31

What do we mine for?

Answer 31

coal, limestone, granite, marble, and other precious metals

Question 32

Name several pros and cons of mining for natural resources

Answer 32

pros: money through taxes for gov’t, jobs and benefits for workers, opens up resources for luxuries and technology cons: contaminates local water, removes vegetation and habitats

Question 33

how would sandstone form

Answer 33

1- rocks become corroded 2- sand and tar sediments move and deposit 3-they start to heat up and compact 4-become sandstone

Question 34

if you find coal buried under some layers of sediment on a far away planet, what does that mean?

Answer 34

this means there is carbon(which is what carbon is made of) or life on the planet. so life on planet = possible bc carbon will allow them to breathe. also under layers = been there a while

Question 35

Describe the cycle of a rock transforming from metamorphic -> sedimentary -> metamorphic -> igneous -> metamorphic!

Answer 35

metamorphic - sed = erosion and the seds. deposit, heat and pressure compact to create sed. rock sed-metamorphic = lots of heat and pressure would change the composition metamorphic - igneous= heat up, then melt, then cool down creates igneous igneous to metamorphic = heat and pressure change composition of the rock

Question 36

why do archaeologists look for shale to find fossils

Answer 36

Fine-grained rock such as shale often contains fossils which are either perfectly preserved or crushed parallel to the bedding plane originally began as mud and limy oozes at the bottom of a shallow tropical sea

Question 37

in one sentence explain why limestone and marble both react with acid solutions

Answer 37

they are both composed of CaCO3 which reacts with acids

Question 38

in one sentence explain what happeneds to crystal/sediments that have longer time to form

Answer 38

1- less shiny | 2- higher crystals but less of them bc they are higher

Question 39

where do rock salts typically grow

Answer 39

shallow seas.

Question 40

whats the difference btwn breccia and conglomerate

Answer 40

``` breccia= more angular congo= more round ```