NATURAL DISASTERS

Question 1

what is an earthquake

Answer 1

a sudden, violent shaking of the ground

Question 2

what causes earthquakes

Answer 2

the release of tension that builds up in the crust sometimes

Question 3

where do earthquakes happen?

Answer 3

on all 3 plate boundaries and faults

Question 4

faults

Answer 4

small cracks

Question 5

focus

Answer 5

the actual point on a focus where the earthquake occurs

Question 6

epicenter

Answer 6

the point on the earths surface directly above the focus

Question 7

Elastic rebound hypothesis

Answer 7

during the earthquake/right before the rocks become deformed and after an earthquake the rocks go back to normal

Question 8

pyroclastic material

Answer 8

quick moving, swirling ball of hot rock debris, gas ect. that is a part of volcanic eruptions

Question 9

what is a tsunami

Answer 9

a series of big powerful waves caused by an earthquake or volcanoes on the ocean floor

Question 10

how is it dif than a normal wave

Answer 10

normal waves are caused by wind and are on the surface but tsunamis displace more water, go from floor to surface (normal just surface) caused by eq or volcano

Question 11

What is a warning sign of a tsunami?

Answer 11

dramatic fall and rise in water levels/tidereceeding water

Question 12

What are some effects of tsunamis?

Answer 12

cites destroyed and drowned in waterkills hundreds of thousandswipes out buildings and houses

Question 13

body waves

Answer 13

less destructive than surface, but teach us bat earths insides2 types- p and s waves

Question 14

surface waves

Answer 14

larger and more destructive than body waves, travel along the surface of earth and move slowly

Question 15

surface and body compare and contrast

Answer 15

contrast b-travel inside s-travel on surf.less destructive morecompareboth are outcomes of earthquakes

Question 16

s waves

Answer 16

secondary waveslower waveshake wave, vibrates, moves side to sidecan only move through solids

Question 17

p waves

Answer 17

first wavefasterpush pull wavestraight can pass through solid and liq.

Question 18

How can you determine the relative distance of an earthquake, just by looking at a seismograph reading?

Answer 18

the distance btwn the s and p wave

Question 19

foreshocks

Answer 19

small earthquakes that sometimes come before a major earthquake

Question 20

aftershock

Answer 20

an earthquake that occurs sometime soon after an earthquake– can cause damage

Question 21

why do most earthquakes cause little damage and little loss of life

Answer 21

bc even great earth quakes release all of its elastic energy

Question 22

2 types of seismic waves

Answer 22

body and surface

Question 23

what are seismic waves

Answer 23

the energy produced from an earthquake that cause a vibration

Question 24

how are the earthquakes fault, epicenter and focus all related

Answer 24

the earthquake occurs on the fault. the eq’s focus occurs on the fault and the epicenter is directly above the focus which is on the fault.

Question 25

2 ways to measure earthquakes

Answer 25

richterscale and moment magnitude

Question 26

what is the richter scale

Answer 26

measures intensity determined by reading changes in seismographic lines

Question 27

what is the moment magnitude

Answer 27

measures intensity of shaking determined by studying deformed rocks and displacement of land along faultmore commonly used

Question 28

why are tsunamis dangerous

Answer 28

the force is v powerful and destructive

Question 29

what should people do after they receive a tsunami warning

Answer 29

leave and movelisten to radio and tv and try to get to a high point of a sturdy building

Question 30

beam girder

Answer 30

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Question 31

steel arch

Answer 31

^ ^ ^-------| | |

Question 32

suspension

Answer 32

/| | | \ / | | | | | | | | \ /| | | | | | | | | | | | \----------------------------| | | |

Question 33

cantilever-truss

Answer 33

/\----/\|xxxx|--------| | |

Question 34

cable stay

Answer 34

/ \ / /|\ \ / / | \ \ / / | \ \-------------- |

Question 35

bearings

Answer 35

absorb shock/ side-to-side vibrations and the deck from receiving brunt shaking made of rubber or plastic btwn two rods

Question 36

shear links

Answer 36

to absorb most of the shaking lower downthey are made of cross beams that connect the towers

Question 37

what location is the least common for earthquakes to occur?

Answer 37

divergent boundary

Question 38

what location is the most common for earthquakes to occur?

Answer 38

fault

Question 39

If you were to be stranded during an earthquake, would you prefer the earthquake to measure a magnitude 2 or magnitude 8 on the Richter Scale. Explain.

Answer 39

A 2, because the Richter scale is set on a scale of 1-10 and is based on the intensity of shaking during an Earthquake.1= not a lot of shaking10= most shaking

Question 40

tsunamis occur where?

Answer 40

in the ocean

Question 41

what causes tsunamis

Answer 41

sudden movement of the ocean due to earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor, land slumping into the ocean, large volcanic eruptions