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Biology Exam 4 Material > Soil > Flashcards

Soil Flashcards

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1
Q

What does soil contain?

A

Biotic and abiotic things (living and non-living things)

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2
Q

What is loam?

A

Fertile top soil filled with clay, sand, and silt

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3
Q

The darker the top soil the more what?

A

Humus

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4
Q

Describe the A horizon

A
  • Contain mineral particles (inorganic)
  • Living organisms (Organic)
  • Humus- decaying organic material
    (Top soil)
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5
Q

Describe the B horizon

A
  • Less organic
  • Less weathered
    (Nonliving material)
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6
Q

Describe the C horizon

A
  • Partially broken down rock (parent rock)

Bed rock

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7
Q

Does a tropical rainforest have (much or very little) humus?

A

Very little humus

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8
Q

Where is most of the biomass found in a rainforest?

A

Above the ground

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9
Q

What are cations?

A

Positive charged ions

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10
Q

What are anions?

A

Negative charged ions

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11
Q

What are some examples of anions? Cations?

A

Anions- Phosphate, Nitrogen ion, Clay, Nitrate

Cations- Calcium, Potassium, Iron, Magnesium

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12
Q

Cations adhere to ______ charged soil particles

A

Negative

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13
Q

What is leaching?

A

Loss of anions

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14
Q

What kind of soil is preferred?

A

Slightly acidic

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15
Q

What is the role of clay in soil?

A

Clay helps keep cations from washing away after rainfall

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16
Q

What is humus?

A

Dead decaying living (organic) things

17
Q

Why is humus important? 3

A
  1. Contains minerals that return to soil
  2. Retain moisture
  3. Prevents clay form making large clumps
18
Q

What are some living things in soil?

A

Worms, Spiders, fungus

19
Q

Why are worms important in soil?

A

Move large amounts of material and mixing soil

20
Q

What do worm movements promote?

A

Better gas diffusion, water retention

21
Q

What is the American Dust Bowl?

A

top soil was eroded by the wind

22
Q

What can help with wind erosion for soil?

A

Roots to add stability

23
Q

What is the reason for fertilization?

A

Restore nutrients that could be depleted

24
Q

What is NPK?

A

NPK is a type of soil that contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

25
Q

What takes longer to be absorbed by plants? Synthetic or natural fertilizers?

A

Natural Fertilizers (feed soil then those nutrients will feed plant)

26
Q

What is irrigation?

A

Ground water with a current

27
Q

Where does the water come from in irrigation?

A

Aquifers

28
Q

What is one potential land subsidence issue?

A

Sink hole

Biology Exam 4 Material (12 decks)

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