Seed Development and Structure Flashcards
What part of a female plant creates seeds?
Ovule
What part of the female plant creates fruit?
Ovary
What are cotyledon?
Specialized proembryo cells
What is a proembryo?
Embryo beginning mitosis
What is a suspensor?
A ligament that anchors the embryo
What is a eudicot?
Has 2 cotyledon
What is a monocot?
Has 1 cotyledon
The endosperm will eventually transform into what?
Cotyledon
Which can perform photosynthesis? Endosperm or Cotyledon?
Cotyledon
The developing _______ gets its nutrients from the endosperm.
Embryo
The young _______ gets its nutrients from the cotyledons.
Seedling
What is the seed coat?
Outer layer of the seed
What is the radicle?
Growth out of cotyledon that will become the root
What is the epicotyl?
Embryo above where cotyledons attach
What is the hypocotyl?
Below where the cotyledons attach
What is the scutellum?
Another name for a cotyledon in a monocot
What is a coleoptile? What is the coleorhiza?
Coleoptile- upper cotyledon
Coleorhiza- lower cotyledon
What erupts first from a new seedling?
Radicle
What percentage of water makes up a dormant seed?
5-15%
What is the role of gibberellic acid?
Break seed out of dormancy
What is the role of abscisic acid?
Promote seed dormancy
What is the role of the seed coat when dormant? 2
- Prevents the seed from drying out
2. Protects the seedling inside
What is imbibition?
Uptake of water
What triggers a seed to start growing?
Enzymes in the endosperm turn on metabolism
What does a plant need to grow? 4
- Sunlight
- CO2
- Water
- Minerals
What are some environmental cues that can make a seed germinate? 4
- Natural fires
- Temperature
- Light
- Chemicals
What is stratification?
Cold stress cause seeds to come out of dormancy
What is scarification?
Roughing up seed coats
What are foliage leaves?
True leaves
What are cotyledon leaves?
Seed leaves from embryo
What is the coleoptile?
Upper cotyledon that serves as a protective sleeve
