Soft Tissue Trauma Flashcards
Soft Tissue includes
skin, fatty tissues, muscles, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, membranes, glands, and nerves
Skin Functions
(total surface area = over 20 square feet
three major layers- epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer)
Protection
Water balance
Temperature Regulation
Excretion
Shock absorption
Epidermis
Outer layer of the skin
composed of dead cells, which are rubbed off and replaced
contains no blood vessels or nerves
Dermis
inner layer (second) of the skin found beneath the epidermis. Rich in blood vessels and nerves. also sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands, hair follicles. if exposed to the outside world contamination and infection will occur
Subcutaneous Layer
layer of fat and soft tissues found below dermis
shock absorption and insulation are major functions of this layer
Closed Wound
an internal injury with no open pathway from the outside
usually results from impact of a blunt object
can be simple bruises, internal lacerations (cuts), internal punctures caused by fractures, crushing forces, or rupture of internal organs
Contusions
bruise
epidermis remains intact, but cells and blood vessels in dermis are damaged
Hematomas
swelling caused by collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissues as a result of an injured or broken blood vessel
Open Wound
injury in which the skin is interrupted, exposing the tissue beneath
Abrasion
scratch or scrape
outer layer of the skin is damaged but not all the layers are penetrated
Laceration
a cut
often caused by an object with a sharp edge
Puncture Wound
an open wound that tears through the skin and destroys underlying tissues. can be shallow or deep.
perforating puncture wound has both an entrance and an exit wound
Avulsion
the tearing away or tearing off of a piece or flap of skin or other soft tissue.
term used also if an eye pulled from its socket or a tooth dislodged from its socket
Amputation
surgical removal or traumatic severing of a body part, usually an extremity
Burn Agents and Sources
Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Light (typically involving the eyes), Radiation
Superficial Burn
First Degree burn
burn that involves only the epidermis
characterized by reddening of the skin and perhaps some swelling
common example: sunburn
Partial Thickness burn
Second Degree burn
burn in which the epidermis is burned through and the dermis is damaged
reddening, blistering, and mottled appearance
Full Thickness Burn
Third Degree burn
burn in which all the layer of the skin are damaged. usually areas that are charred black or areas that are dry and white
Determine the Severity of a burn
Agent or source of the burn body region burned Depth of the burn Extent of the burn Age of the patient Other illnesses and injuries
Rules of Nines
method of estimating the extent of the burn. for an adult, each of the following areas represents 9 percent of the body surface: head and neck, each upper extremity, the chest, the abdomen, the upper back, the lower back and buttocks, the front of each lower extremity, and the back of each lower extremity. the remaining 1 percent is assigned to the genital region. for an infant or child. the percentages are modified so that 18 percent is assigned to the head, 14 percent to the lower extremity.
Rule of Palm
method for estimating the extent of a burn. The palm of the patient’s own hand, which equals about 1 percent of the body’s surface area, is compared with the patient’s burn to estimate its size
Occlusive Dressing
any dressing that forms an airtight seal