Principles of Pathophysiology Flashcards
Pathophysiology
study of how disease processes affect the function the body
Metabolism
the cellular function of converting nutrients into energy
Aerobic Metabolism
the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products
Anaerobic Metabolism
the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products
FiO2
fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of O2 in the air we breathe
Patent
open and clear; free from obstruction
Tidal Volume
volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing
Minute volume
amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute
Dead Air Space
air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange
Chemoreceptors
chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changes levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Plasma Oncotic Pressure
the pull exerted by large proteins in the plasm portion of the blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream
Hydrostatic Pressure
pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel
Stretch Receptors
sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)
pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system
Stroke Volume
amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction
Cardiac Output
the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute
V/Q Match
ventilation/perfusion match. this implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Perfusion
the supply of oxygen to , and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the boldy as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
Hypoperfusion
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients also called shock (this is a life-threatening condition)
Edema
swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitual space
Signs of Neurologic Impairment
Altered mental status, inability to speak or difficulty speaking, visual or hearing disturbance, inability to walk or difficulty walking, paralysis, weakness, loss of sensation, pupil changes
Hypersensitivity
an exaggerated response by the immune system to a particular substance
