Bleeding and Shock Flashcards
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
under great deal of pressure during heart contraction
has thick, muscular wall enabling it to dilate or constrict
Capillaries
microscopically small supplying all cells of the body with O2 and Nutrients. waste and CO2 are exchanged
Veins
carry blood back to the heart
have one-way valves preventing backflow of blood
blood is under much less pressure
function of blood
Transport of gases nutrients excretion protection regulation
Perfusion
supply of oxygen to, and removal of waste from, the body’s cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries
hypoperfusion
body’s inability to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients (shock)
Hemorrhage
severe bleeding
major cause of shock in trauma
External Bleeding
bleeding is anticipated or discovered must use Standard Precautions Arterial Bleeding Venous Bleeding Capillary Bleeding
Arterial Bleeding
bright red in color (O2 rich)
rapid and profuse, spurting with heartbeat
Venous Bleeding
dark red or maroon (deoxygenated)
steady flow usually easy to control
low pressure
if large enough may suck in air or debris possibly resulting in an embolism
Capillary Bleeding
slow and oozing
low pressure
usually minor and easily controlled
Pressure dressing
bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage, which applies pressure to help control bleeding
hemostatic agents
substances applies as powders, dressings, gauze, or bandages to open wounds to stop bleeding
Direct pressure
most common and effective way to control external bleeding
Elevation
has never been proven to decrease bleeding but if it can be done quickly and easily it makes sense to employ this method
Tourniquet
device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an extremity
Splinting
stabilizing broken bones will prevent further damage
Cold application
traditional method
cold minimizes swelling and reduces the bleeding by constricting the blood vessels
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
sit down and lean forward
apply direct pressure to fleshy portion of nostrils
keep calm
do not lean back
if unconscious or unable to control airway put in recovery positon and provide suction and aggressive airway management
Internal Bleeding
Damage to internal organs and large blood vessels
blood loss cannot be seen
severe internal blood loss may even occur from injuries to the extremities.
Compensated Shock
body senses the decrease in perfusion and attempts to compensate for it
patient will have increased HR and increased respirations
Decompensated Shock
body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or lack of perfusion. late signs of shock, such as falling BP
Irreversible Shock
Exists when body has lost battle to maintain perfusion to organ systems. cell damage occurs, especially in liver and kidneys.
even if adequate vital signs can be restored, patient may die days later du
“¿¿aged organs
Hypovolemic Shock
shock resulting from blood or fluid lose
Cardiogenic Shock
may develop in patients suffering a MI
develops from inadequate pumping of blood by heart
CHF may also cause shock
watch for low BP, pedal edema and other signs of heart failure
Neurogenic Shock
result from uncontrolled dilation of blood vessels due to nerve paralysis cuased by spinal cord injuries
dilation of blood vessels increases circulatory systems capacity to the point where available blood can no longer fill
sepsis (massive infection) or anaphylactic reaction, vasodilation may also cause shock
