Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Lymphomas, C62 P464-468 Flashcards
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
What are they?
P464
Soft tissue tumors, derived from mesoderm
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
Sarcoma means what in
GREEK?
P464
“Fish flesh”
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Sarcomas are more common in upper or lower extremities? P464
50% of sarcomas are in the extremities
and are 3.5 more common in the
lower extremity (thigh)
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
How common are they?
P464
0.6% of malignant tumors
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
What is the median age at
diagnosis?
P464
55 years
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
What are the risk factors?
P464
“RALES”: Radiation AIDS (Immunosuppression) Lymphedema Exposure to chemicals Syndromes (e.g., Gardner’s/Li-Fraumeni)
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Fat P464
Liposarcoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Gastrointestinal P464
GIST (GastroIntestinal Stromal Tumor)
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Myofibroblast P464
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Striated muscle P464
Rhabdomyosarcoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Vascular endothelium P464
Angiosarcoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Fibroblast P464
Fibrosarcoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Lymph vessel P465
Lymphangiosarcoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Peripheral nerve P465
Malignant neurilemmoma or
schwannoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: AIDS P465
Kaposi’s sarcoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS Name the following types of malignant sarcoma: Lymphedema P465
Lymphangiosarcoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
What are the signs/
symptoms?
P465
Soft tissue mass; pain from compression
of adjacent structures, often noticed after
minor trauma to area of mass
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
How do most sarcomas
metastasize?
P465
Hematogenously (i.e., via blood)
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS What is the most common location and route of metastasis? P465
Lungs via hematogenous route
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
What tests should be done
in the preoperative workup?
P465
CXR, ± chest CT, LFTs
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS What are the three most common malignant sarcomas in adults? P465
Fibrous histiocytoma (25%)
Liposarcoma (20%)
Leiomyosarcoma (15%)
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
What are the two most
common in children?
P465
Rhabdomyosarcoma (about 50%),
fibrosarcoma (20%)
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS What is the most common type to metastasize to the lymph nodes? P465
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS What is the most common sarcoma of the retroperitoneum? P465
Liposarcoma
SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
How do sarcomas locally
invade?
P465
Usually along anatomic planes such as
fascia, vessels, etc.