Soft Tissue Injury Flashcards
List 4 urgent referral signs of soft tissue injury
- Ligament rupture
- Infection-related causes
- Malignancy/metastasis (Lower back pain)
- Visceral conditions related to lower back pain
What non-pharmacological treatment can be done for soft tissue injuries?
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Referral
No HARM (Heat, Alcohol, Re-injury, Massage)
Pharmacological treatment for pain relief of acute NON-lower back pain
- TOP NSAIDs
- PO NSAIDs / Coxibs
- PO Paracetamol
Soft tissue injuries of the ligament, tendon, bursae and fascia are called
Sprains, Tendonitis, Bursitis, Plantar fasciitis
How to differentiate level of sprain required for what type of treatment?
Mild sprain:
- Ambulating and bearing weight is minimally painful
Moderate sprain:
- Painful to bear weight and ambulate
- RICE + Analgesics
Severe sprain:
- No weight bearing or ambulation is possible
- Emergency
Causes of tendonitis
Overuse through repeated mechanical loading
Sports injury
Fluoroquinolones and statins
Location of tendonitis
Shoulder
Elbow (Tennis, golfer)
Ankle (Achilles)
Wrist, hip
Causes of bursitis
Acute bursitis (Pain when joints are fully flexed)
- Trauma/injury
- Gout crystal-induced
- Infection
Chronic bursitis (More swelling, thickening but minimal pain)
- Overuse
- Prolonged pressure
- Inflammatory arthritis (RA)
Causes of plantar fasciitis
Prolonged standing, jumping, running on hard surfaces; Flat feet, high arched feet
What is the presentation of plantar fasciitis?
Pain worsens when walking or running
Pain reduces with increased activity but worse at the end of the day
Red flags for heel or sole pain
Numbness or tingling
Nocturnal pain
Radiating pain from posterior aspect of leg to heel
Trauma
Fever
Constant pain
Sudden onset
PMH/FH of inflammatory disease
Erythema nodosum
