Sodium Na+ Hyper & hypo

Question 1

What is sodium range?

Answer 1

135-145

Question 2

Is sodium cation or an anion?

Answer 2

Cation

Question 3

What are the two conditions that fall under sodium?

Answer 3

Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia

Question 4

What is Hypernatremia range level?

Answer 4

Anything above 145

Question 5

What are the two main Hypernatremia imbalances ?

Answer 5

Loss of water
Gain of sodium

Question 6

What are 4 examples of loss of water for Hypernatremia?

Answer 6

Hyperventilation
Fever
Diarrhea
Water deprivation

Question 7

What are 3 examples of gain of sodium for Hypernatremia imbalances?

Answer 7

IV saline solution
Hypertonic tube feeding
Excessive table salt

Question 8

What are some vague symptoms for Hypernatremia? manifestations
(T, DSMM, RDST, USG #?)

Answer 8

Thrist
Dry, sticky mucous membrane
Red, dry, swollen tongue
NA > 145
Urine specific gravity > 1.030

Question 9

What are some severe Hypernatremia symptoms? Assessment findings, manifestations?
(F, R, B, DLOC, DIS, CONV)

Answer 9

Fatigue
Restlessness
Behavior
Decrease LOC
Disorientation, convulsions

Question 10

Nursing diagnosis
What are 3 risks we should watch out for in Hypernatremia ?

Answer 10

Injury
Fluid volume deficit
Electrolyte imbalance

Question 11

What is the potential complication for Hypernatremia? ( think neurological )
(2)

Answer 11

Seizures
Coma
Which leads to irreversible brain damage

Question 12

What are the nursing interventions for Hypernatremia ?
(ACM, MONI; LOC, IO, NA, GRAV,DIE, UO, LAB )
( what in lab ^)

Answer 12

Assess clinical manifestations
Monitor LOC
Monitor I&O
Monitor lab data
( NA+, urine space gravity )
Increase fluids ( hypotonic or isotonic IV fluids )
Monitor diet as ordered ( decreased NA)
Monitor urine output

Question 13

What is the treatment for Hypernatremia? Increasing what? And with what?
(2)

Answer 13

Increasing fluids with
hypotonic or isotonic Iv fluids

Question 14

What is the implementation for Hypernatremia? What type of precaution ?

Answer 14

Seizure precautions

Question 15

What is Hyponatremia range?

Answer 15

Anything below 135

Question 16

What are the main 3 Hyponatremia imbalances?

Answer 16

Loss of sodium
Gain of water
SIADH

Question 17

What are some common causes for Hyponatremia?
(PD, WD, V, D, BL, EHF)

Answer 17

Profuse diaphoresis - sweating
Wound drainage
Vomitting
Diarrhea
Blood loss
Excessive hypotonic fluids

Question 18

What are 3 examples for imbalances of loss of sodium for hyponatremia?

Answer 18

GI fluid loss
Sweating
Diuretics

Question 19

What are 3 examples of gain of water of imbalances for hyponatremia?

Answer 19

Excessive drinking of water
Excessive D50 IV
Hypotonic tube feeding

Question 20

What does SIADH stand for in imbalances of hyponatremia, and means?

Answer 20

Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone

Not Peeing enough, water retention

Question 21

What are 3 examples that causes SIADH in hyponatremia?

Answer 21

Head injury
Aids
Malignancy ( cancer cells )

Question 22

What are some clinical manifestations for hyponatremia? ( think neurological changes!)
(P,L,C, A, MT, AC, AN, N, V, H, S, COM, URIN #?)

Answer 22

Personality
Lethargy
Confusion
Apprehension
Muscle twitching
Abnormal cramps
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomitting
Headache
Seizures
Coma
Urine specific gravity < -1.010

Question 23

What is the 3 nursing diagnosis for hyponatremia?

Answer 23

Acute confusion
Risk for injury
Risk for electrolyte imbalance

Question 24

What is the potential complication for hyponatremia?

Answer 24

Severe neurological changes

Question 25

What is the nursing intervention for hyponatremia ?
Following the SODIUM example

Answer 25

S sodium intake
O overload ( fluid) restrict water intake
D daily weights
I intake and output
U use isotonic fluid to correct ECF
M monitor BP, heart rate, mucous membranes, LOC

Question 26

Extra information
SIADH Results in dilutional hyponatremia caused by ?

Answer 26

Abnormal rention of water
( resulting in excess water fluid that causes hyponatremia )