Sodium Na+ Hyper & hypo Flashcards
What is sodium range?
135-145
Is sodium cation or an anion?
Cation
What are the two conditions that fall under sodium?
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
What is Hypernatremia range level?
Anything above 145
What are the two main Hypernatremia imbalances ?
Loss of water
Gain of sodium
What are 4 examples of loss of water for Hypernatremia?
Hyperventilation
Fever
Diarrhea
Water deprivation
What are 3 examples of gain of sodium for Hypernatremia imbalances?
IV saline solution
Hypertonic tube feeding
Excessive table salt
What are some vague symptoms for Hypernatremia? manifestations
(T, DSMM, RDST, USG #?)
Thrist
Dry, sticky mucous membrane
Red, dry, swollen tongue
NA > 145
Urine specific gravity > 1.030
What are some severe Hypernatremia symptoms? Assessment findings, manifestations?
(F, R, B, DLOC, DIS, CONV)
Fatigue
Restlessness
Behavior
Decrease LOC
Disorientation, convulsions
Nursing diagnosis
What are 3 risks we should watch out for in Hypernatremia ?
Injury
Fluid volume deficit
Electrolyte imbalance
What is the potential complication for Hypernatremia? ( think neurological )
(2)
Seizures
Coma
Which leads to irreversible brain damage
What are the nursing interventions for Hypernatremia ?
(ACM, MONI; LOC, IO, NA, GRAV,DIE, UO, LAB )
( what in lab ^)
Assess clinical manifestations
Monitor LOC
Monitor I&O
Monitor lab data
( NA+, urine space gravity )
Increase fluids ( hypotonic or isotonic IV fluids )
Monitor diet as ordered ( decreased NA)
Monitor urine output
What is the treatment for Hypernatremia? Increasing what? And with what?
(2)
Increasing fluids with
hypotonic or isotonic Iv fluids
What is the implementation for Hypernatremia? What type of precaution ?
Seizure precautions
What is Hyponatremia range?
Anything below 135
What are the main 3 Hyponatremia imbalances?
Loss of sodium
Gain of water
SIADH
What are some common causes for Hyponatremia?
(PD, WD, V, D, BL, EHF)
Profuse diaphoresis - sweating
Wound drainage
Vomitting
Diarrhea
Blood loss
Excessive hypotonic fluids
What are 3 examples for imbalances of loss of sodium for hyponatremia?
GI fluid loss
Sweating
Diuretics
What are 3 examples of gain of water of imbalances for hyponatremia?
Excessive drinking of water
Excessive D50 IV
Hypotonic tube feeding
What does SIADH stand for in imbalances of hyponatremia, and means?
Syndrome of inappropriate anti diuretic hormone
Not Peeing enough, water retention
What are 3 examples that causes SIADH in hyponatremia?
Head injury
Aids
Malignancy ( cancer cells )
What are some clinical manifestations for hyponatremia? ( think neurological changes!)
(P,L,C, A, MT, AC, AN, N, V, H, S, COM, URIN #?)
Personality
Lethargy
Confusion
Apprehension
Muscle twitching
Abnormal cramps
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomitting
Headache
Seizures
Coma
Urine specific gravity < -1.010
What is the 3 nursing diagnosis for hyponatremia?
Acute confusion
Risk for injury
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
What is the potential complication for hyponatremia?
Severe neurological changes
