Calcium CA+ Hyper & hypo Flashcards
What is the range of calcium?
8.6-10.2
What is the 5 function of calcium?
Formation of teeth and bone
Blood clotting
Transmission of nerve impulses
Myocardial contractions
Muscle contractions
Calcium is obtained where and needs what?
Obtained from ingested foods
Needs vitamin D to absorb
Why do we need vitamin D for calcium?
We need it in order to absorb calcium, if we don’t have it, we don’t get calcium
Calcium
Decreased plasma Ph results in?
Increase plasma ph results in?
Increase serum calcium
Decrease serum calcium
What is the range for hypocalcemia?
Anything lower than 8.6
What are the 4 risk factors/ causes for hypocalcemia?
Surgical removal of the parathyroid gland
Multiple blood transfusion
Certain conditions
Inadequate vitamin D intake
What are the 4 certain conditions that causes hypocalcemia?
(HYPOPA,AP,HYPERPHOS, TC)
Certain conditions
- hypoparathyroidism
- acute pancreatitis
- Hyperphosphatemia
- thyroid cacinoma
What are the 5 causes under inadequate vitamin d intake for hypocalcemia?
( M. HM, AL, S, ETOH)
Malabsorption
Hypomagnesemia
Alkalosis
Sepsis
ETOH abuse
What are some clinical manfiestations for hypocalcemia?( think neuromuscular!)
(TM, LS, D, MT, SC, TET, CONV, CD, DCO, AB DCG, TROU, CHVO, CONF, A, PSY, HYPER DTR)
Tingling around the mouth or in the extremities
Laryngeal stridor
Dysphasia
Muscle tremors, servers cramps
Tetany & convulsions
Carissa Dysrthymia
Decrease cardiac output
Abnormal ecg patterns
Trousseuas
Chvosteks
Confusion
Anxiety
Psychoses
Hyper active deep tendon reflexes
What is trousseaus sign for hypocalcemia?
Carpal spasms induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic pressure for a few minutes
What is chovostek sign for hypocalcemia ?
Contraction of facial muscles in response to a light tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear
What does laryngeal stridor mean for hypocalcemia?
Crowing sound
What does dysphagia mean for hypocalcemia?
Difficult swallowing
What are the 4 diganosis for hypocalcemia?
Acute pain
Ineffective breathing pattern
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for injury
What’s the 2 potential complication for hypocalcemia?
Fracture or respiratory arrest
What are the 4 nursing implementation for hypocalcemia?
Treat underlying cause
Oral or IV calcium supplements
( never IM, avoid local reaction )
Rebreathe into paper bag
Treat pain and anxiety to prevent hyperventilation induced respiratory alkalosis
What are the 4 interventions for hypocalcemia?
Protect confused patient
Monitor respiratory and Caridac status
Administers oral or IV
Teach clients about risk of osteoporosis and measures to take
What is the range for hypercalcemia?
Anything above 10.2
What are the 4 main causes or risk factors for hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathrodism ( 2/3 cases)
Prolonged immobilization
Malignancy of the bone
Paget’s disease
What are some manifestations for hypercalcemia?
(L, W, S, COMA, DDTF, DM, CON, PC, PSY, AN, N, C. BP, FRA, NEPH, POLY. DEHY)
Lethargy
Weakness
Stupor
Coma
Decrease deep tenon reflexes
Decreased memory
Confusion
Personality changed
Psychosis
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomitting
Bone pain
Fractures
Nephrolithiasis
Polyuria
Dehydration
What is Nephrolithiasis for hypercalcemia?
Kidney stones
What is Polyuria for hypercalcemia?
Dilute urine
What is the 3 nursing diagnosis for hypercalcemia?
Risk for inactivity intolerance
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for injury
