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Nurs 347 Pathophysiology exam 1 > Calcium CA+ Hyper & hypo > Flashcards

Calcium CA+ Hyper & hypo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the range of calcium?

A

8.6-10.2

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2
Q

What is the 5 function of calcium?

A

Formation of teeth and bone
Blood clotting
Transmission of nerve impulses
Myocardial contractions
Muscle contractions

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3
Q

Calcium is obtained where and needs what?

A

Obtained from ingested foods
Needs vitamin D to absorb

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4
Q

Why do we need vitamin D for calcium?

A

We need it in order to absorb calcium, if we don’t have it, we don’t get calcium

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5
Q

Calcium
Decreased plasma Ph results in?
Increase plasma ph results in?

A

Increase serum calcium
Decrease serum calcium

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6
Q

What is the range for hypocalcemia?

A

Anything lower than 8.6

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7
Q

What are the 4 risk factors/ causes for hypocalcemia?

A

Surgical removal of the parathyroid gland
Multiple blood transfusion
Certain conditions
Inadequate vitamin D intake

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8
Q

What are the 4 certain conditions that causes hypocalcemia?
(HYPOPA,AP,HYPERPHOS, TC)

A

Certain conditions
- hypoparathyroidism
- acute pancreatitis
- Hyperphosphatemia
- thyroid cacinoma

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9
Q

What are the 5 causes under inadequate vitamin d intake for hypocalcemia?
( M. HM, AL, S, ETOH)

A

Malabsorption
Hypomagnesemia
Alkalosis
Sepsis
ETOH abuse

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10
Q

What are some clinical manfiestations for hypocalcemia?( think neuromuscular!)
(TM, LS, D, MT, SC, TET, CONV, CD, DCO, AB DCG, TROU, CHVO, CONF, A, PSY, HYPER DTR)

A

Tingling around the mouth or in the extremities
Laryngeal stridor
Dysphasia
Muscle tremors, servers cramps
Tetany & convulsions
Carissa Dysrthymia
Decrease cardiac output
Abnormal ecg patterns
Trousseuas
Chvosteks
Confusion
Anxiety
Psychoses
Hyper active deep tendon reflexes

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11
Q

What is trousseaus sign for hypocalcemia?

A

Carpal spasms induced by inflating a blood pressure cuff above the systolic pressure for a few minutes

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12
Q

What is chovostek sign for hypocalcemia ?

A

Contraction of facial muscles in response to a light tap over the facial nerve in front of the ear

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13
Q

What does laryngeal stridor mean for hypocalcemia?

A

Crowing sound

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14
Q

What does dysphagia mean for hypocalcemia?

A

Difficult swallowing

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15
Q

What are the 4 diganosis for hypocalcemia?

A

Acute pain
Ineffective breathing pattern
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for injury

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16
Q

What’s the 2 potential complication for hypocalcemia?

A

Fracture or respiratory arrest

17
Q

What are the 4 nursing implementation for hypocalcemia?

A

Treat underlying cause
Oral or IV calcium supplements
( never IM, avoid local reaction )
Rebreathe into paper bag
Treat pain and anxiety to prevent hyperventilation induced respiratory alkalosis

18
Q

What are the 4 interventions for hypocalcemia?

A

Protect confused patient
Monitor respiratory and Caridac status
Administers oral or IV
Teach clients about risk of osteoporosis and measures to take

19
Q

What is the range for hypercalcemia?

A

Anything above 10.2

20
Q

What are the 4 main causes or risk factors for hypercalcemia?

A

Hyperparathrodism ( 2/3 cases)
Prolonged immobilization
Malignancy of the bone
Paget’s disease

21
Q

What are some manifestations for hypercalcemia?
(L, W, S, COMA, DDTF, DM, CON, PC, PSY, AN, N, C. BP, FRA, NEPH, POLY. DEHY)

A

Lethargy
Weakness
Stupor
Coma
Decrease deep tenon reflexes
Decreased memory
Confusion
Personality changed
Psychosis
Anorexia
Nausea
Vomitting
Bone pain
Fractures
Nephrolithiasis
Polyuria
Dehydration

22
Q

What is Nephrolithiasis for hypercalcemia?

A

Kidney stones

23
Q

What is Polyuria for hypercalcemia?

A

Dilute urine

24
Q

What is the 3 nursing diagnosis for hypercalcemia?

A

Risk for inactivity intolerance
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for injury

25
Q

What is the potential complication for hypercalcemia?

A

Dysrthythmia

26
Q

What are the 6 nursing interventions for hypercalcemia?
Examples of drinks

A

Increase movement & exercise
Increase oral fluid
Limit calcium food
Increase fiber food
Protect confused patient
Encourage intake of cranberry or prune juice

27
Q

We want to increase how much oral fluid intake for hypercalcemia?

A

3-4k

28
Q

What is the 4 nursing lmplenentation for hypercalcemia?

A

Excretion of CA with loop diuretic ( ferminse )
Hydration with istonic saline infusion
Synthetic calcitonin
Bisphosphonates for hypercalcemia related to malignancy

29
Q

Why should we be careful when giving loop diuretic ( ferminsine, lastix ) to a hypercalcemia?

A

We need to watch potassium

30
Q

Calcium is cation or anion ?

A

Cation

Nurs 347 Pathophysiology exam 1 (7 decks)

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