Potassium K+,hyper & Hypo

Question 1

What is the range of potassium?

Answer 1

3.5-5

Question 2

Potassium is cation or anion?

Answer 2

Cation

Question 3

Potassium is necessary for?(4)
(T/C N&M IM, CG, CR, GDM&LC)

Answer 3

Transmission and conduction of nerve and muscle impulses
Cellular growth
Maintenance of cardiac rthythms
Necessary for glycogen to be delivered to muscle and liver cells

Question 4

What are the 5 sources of potassium?
Examples of fruits (2)

Answer 4

Fruits
Vegetables
( bananas and oranges )
Salt substitues
Potassium medications
Stored blood

Question 5

Potassium is regulated by the ?

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

What is the main cause of Hypokalemia?

And what’s the range

Answer 6

Loss of potassium

Anything below 3.5

Question 7

What are some examples of loss of potassium in Hypokalemia?
(V,GS,D,HP,DIU,PIK, HYPERALDO, MA(DK))

Answer 7

Vomiting
Gastric suction
Diarrhea
Heavy perspiration
Use of K+ wasting drugs ( diuretics )
Poor intake of K+
Hyperaldosteronism
Metabolic acidosis ( diabetic ketoacidosis )

Question 8

What are some examples of potassium wasting drugs, diuretics that can influence someone to get Hypokalemia?

Answer 8

Lasex, fersimine

Question 9

What does Hyperaldosteronism mean for Hypokalemia? Which results in? Example?

Answer 9

Too much aldosterone
( retention of sodium and loss of potassium )

Diarrhe

Think of vomit - sodium
Poop - potassium
If you have too much aldosterone, you’re pooping a lot, diarrhea !!

Question 10

What is metabolic acidosis for Hypokalemia ?

Answer 10

Acid other than carbonic acid accumulated in the body or when bicarbonate is lost in body fluids

Diarrhea

Question 11

What is clinical manifestations for Hypokalemia? ( think heart )
(CD,WIP, MW, LC, F, L, AN, DBS, DDTR, HYPGL)

Answer 11

Cardiac dysrthythmia
Weak irregular pulse
Muscle weakness
Leg cramps
Fatigue
Lethargy
Anorexia
Decrease bowel sounds
Decrease deep tendon reflexs
Hyperglycemia

Question 12

What are the nursing interventions for Hypokalemia?
(HPF, MON CF, RF, IO, U, INCR FIB)

Answer 12

High potassium foods
Monitor cardiac function for arrhythmia
Monitor respiratory function
Intake&output
Monitor Urine output
Increased fiber to treat possible constipation

Question 13

Why do we want to increase fiber for a Hypokalemia patient?

Answer 13

Because we give them food that has high potassium, that’ll make them poop more instead of diarrhea

Question 14

What is the 4 nursing implementation for Hypokalemia?
Never exceed what? And prevent what?

Answer 14

KCI supplemental oral with food or IV
Always dilute IV KCL
never give KCL via IV PUSH or As Bolus
Should never exceed 10
( to prevent hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest )

Question 15

Hypokalemia IV potassium?
Expect in severe deficiencies KCL is not and unless what? #?

Answer 15

Is not given unless there is urine output of at least 0.5mL/kg of body weight per hour

Question 16

IV potassium invert bags containing KCL why? Hypokalemia

Answer 16

To ensure distribution in the bag

Question 17

Iv potassium Hypokalemia, never add KCL to hanging bag in order to prevent?

Answer 17

Bolus dose

Question 18

Iv potassium for hyponkalemia?
What is the preferred maximum concentration ?

Answer 18

40

Question 19

Hypokalemia, IV Potassium can cause irrtation to the ? And what’s the name? So you want to check the IV site ?

Answer 19

Irritation to the veins
Phlebitis
Assess IV site hourly

Question 20

What is the 3 nursing diagnosis for Hypokalemia?

Answer 20

Risk for activity intolerance
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for injury

Question 21

What is the potential complication for Hypokalemia?

Answer 21

Dysrthythmia

Question 22

What is the range for hyperkalemia?

Answer 22

Anything above 5.0

Question 23

What are the 2 main imbalances causes for hyperkalemia?

Answer 23

Decreased potassium excretion
Increase potassium intake

Question 24

What are 3 hyperkalemia imbalances for decreased potassium excretion?

Answer 24

Renal failure
Hypoaldosteronism
K+ sparing diuretics

Question 25

What are 3 hyperkalemia imbalances for high potassium intake?

Answer 25

Excessive salt substitute
Rapid IV potassium infusion
Potassium shift out of feels into plasma ( interstitial to plasma )

Question 26

Clinical manifestations for hyperkalemia?( think heart again)
( CD, DHR, IP, ECG CHAN, GI HYPERACT, I, AP, CON, PAR, N, CLP, W/PSM)

Answer 26

Cardiac dysrthythmia or arrest
Decrease heart rate, irregular pulse
ECG changes
GI hyperactivity
Irritability
Apathy
Confusion
Paresthesia
Numbness in extremities
Cramping leg pain
Weak or paralyzed skeletal muscles

Question 27

What does paraesthesia mean for hyperkalemia?

Answer 27

Burning

Question 28

What are the 3 nursing diagnosis for hyperkalemia?

Answer 28

Risk for activity intolerance
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for injury

Question 29

What’s the potential complication of hyperkalemia?

Answer 29

Dysrthythmia

Question 30

What are some nursing interventions for hyperkalemia?
(MON KL, CF, AKF, ASS, INCR EL K, QO)

Answer 30

Monitor serum K levels
Teach client to avoid K food
Avoid salt substitutes
Monitor cardiac function
Increase elimination of K ( kayexalate )
Question orders for K supplements and K sparing diuretics

Question 31

What medication would you give for hyperkalemia and causes what?

Answer 31

Kayexalate
Diuretic that causes diarrhea

Question 32

What is the 2 nursing implementation for hyperkalemia?
(Treatment)

Answer 32

Force K from ECF to ICF by insulin or sodium bicarbonate

Reverse membrane effects of elevated ECF potassium by administering calcium gluconate IV