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Nurs 347 Pathophysiology exam 1 > Fluid & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Just right for the body

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2
Q

What are the 3 things that help homeostasis ?
( c, t, m)

A

Composition of fluids and electrolytes kept within narrow limits of normal

Water acts as transports within the body

Important for metabolic reactions

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3
Q

Water is a what? (3)

A

Insulator
Lubricant
Temperature regulation

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4
Q

How much water is in an adult?

A

50-60%

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5
Q

How much water is in an elderly?

A

45-60%

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6
Q

Does fat tissue have water?

A

No

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7
Q

Does muscle tissue have water?

A

Yes; significant amount

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8
Q

Does water acts as a transport within the body?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Is water important part of metabolic reactions ?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Is water a insulator, lubricant and temperature regulator?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Does water moves things where they need to be ?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Why are some age ranges more effected when losing water in terms of vital signs? (2 Examples )

A

Because of the amount of percentage the body is made out of water

Preterm - 80% high risk
( baby is made out of pretty much water )

Elderly - 40%
( has to maintain the little it has )

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13
Q

What happened to our vital signs when we gain or lose water?

A

Gaining :
heart rate decrease
Blood pressure increase

Losing
Heart rate increase
Blood pressure decrease

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14
Q

When we lose water what do we get?

A

Edema
( swelling )

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15
Q

What is edema?

A

Swelling

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16
Q

How is the body fluid distributed and into what?

A

Into 2 things
Extracellular and intracellular

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17
Q

What is intracellular (ICF) and how much in adult body fluid?

A

It’s within the cell
About 2/3 adult body fluid

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18
Q

What is extracellular (ecf ) and how much adult body fluid?

A

Outside the cell
1/3 body fluid

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19
Q

What are the 4 things that are apart of extracellular ?

A

Plasma ( intravascular )
Interstitial
Lymph & trans cellular
Gi tract

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20
Q

What is intravascular (plasma ) and how much percentage?

A

Within vascaular system
20%

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21
Q

What is interstitial and percentage?

A

Surrounds the cell
70%

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22
Q

What is lymph and transcellular fluid percentage ?

A

10%

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23
Q

How many liters are secreted into and absorbed from the GI tract daily?

A

3-6L

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24
Q

Can vomiting and diarrhea cause significant loss of fluid and electrolytes?

A

Yes

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25
How much does plasma fill in the body?
3 liters
26
How much does interstitial fluid fill in the body? (IF)
10L
27
How much does intracellular fluid fill in the body? (ICF)
28L
28
Intracellular fluid contains what? (ICF) (O,e, g)
Oxygen, electrolytes, glucose
29
Where does metabolic reactions occur ?
Intracellular fluid ( ICF )
30
What does extracellular fluid do? (ECF)
Transports system that Carries waste away
31
1L of fluid weights what?
1Kg or 2.2 pounds
32
240ML of fluid equals to what in pounds?
0.5lbs
33
2L of fluids equal to what in pounds?
4.4 Lbs
34
What is electrolytes?
Substances whose molecules dissociate into ions when placed into water
35
What is cations?
Positively charged
36
What is anions ?
Negatively charged
37
Cations and anions combine to create electrically what?
Neutral substances
38
Electrolyte compositions - ICF ( intracellular fluid ) Prevalent cation is and is made up of what small amounts? (m,s)
Potassium K+ Small amounts of magnesium and sodium
39
Electrolyte compositions - ICF ( intracellular fluid ) Prevalent anion is and made up of small amounts of? (P,B)
Phosphate PO4^3- Small amounts of protein and bicarbonate
40
Electrolyte compositions - ECF ( Extracellular fluid ) Prevalent cation is and made up of small amounts of? (p,c,m)
Sodium Na+ Small amounts of potassium, calcium, magnesium
41
Electrolyte compositions - ECF ( Extracellular fluid ) Prevalent anion is and made up of small amounts of? (B,s,p)
Chlorine Small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate
42
What does selectively permeable? And give an example of what doesn’t go through?
Cell membranes allow some substances to move freely but not others? Proteins are too big to fit through
43
What is a solute?
A substance that dissolved in liquid
44
What is a solvent ?
A liquid in which a solute is dissolved
45
What is colloids?
Substances that do not dissolve readily into true solutions
46
What is crystalloids?
Salts that dissolve readily into true solutions
47
What does Osmolality mean?
The concentration of solutes in the body
48
What is osmotic pressure?
The power of a solution to pull water across a semi permeable membrane
49
How is osmotic pressure exerted by? (NDP)
By the number of nondiffusible particles in a solution
50
What is colloid osmotic pressure?
A pulling force exerted by colloids ( proteins ) that help maintain water content of blood
51
What are the 4 mechanisms controlling fluid and electrolyte movement?
Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Active transport Osmosis
52
What is simple diffusion?
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
53
For simple diffusion, does the membrane that molecules diffuse through must be permeable?
Yes
54
What is facilitated diffusion? Example?
Uses carrier to move molecules Glucose transport
55
What is active transport?
Process in which molecules move against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
56
Is energy needed for active transport?
Yes
57
What is an example of active transport?
Sodium potassium pump
58
What is osmosis? ( and doesn’t allow what to cross )
Movement of water through a semi permeable membrane that does not allow the solute to cross
59
Is osmosis from high to low or low to high?
Low to high
60
Does osmosis require energy and when does it stop?
No it doesn’t need energy Stops when concentrations are equal
61
When does diffusion stop?
When concentrations are equal

Nurs 347 Pathophysiology exam 1 (7 decks)

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