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Nurs 347 Pathophysiology exam 1 > Fluid & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Just right for the body

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2
Q

What are the 3 things that help homeostasis ?
( c, t, m)

A

Composition of fluids and electrolytes kept within narrow limits of normal

Water acts as transports within the body

Important for metabolic reactions

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3
Q

Water is a what? (3)

A

Insulator
Lubricant
Temperature regulation

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4
Q

How much water is in an adult?

A

50-60%

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5
Q

How much water is in an elderly?

A

45-60%

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6
Q

Does fat tissue have water?

A

No

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7
Q

Does muscle tissue have water?

A

Yes; significant amount

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8
Q

Does water acts as a transport within the body?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Is water important part of metabolic reactions ?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Is water a insulator, lubricant and temperature regulator?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Does water moves things where they need to be ?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Why are some age ranges more effected when losing water in terms of vital signs? (2 Examples )

A

Because of the amount of percentage the body is made out of water

Preterm - 80% high risk
( baby is made out of pretty much water )

Elderly - 40%
( has to maintain the little it has )

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13
Q

What happened to our vital signs when we gain or lose water?

A

Gaining :
heart rate decrease
Blood pressure increase

Losing
Heart rate increase
Blood pressure decrease

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14
Q

When we lose water what do we get?

A

Edema
( swelling )

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15
Q

What is edema?

A

Swelling

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16
Q

How is the body fluid distributed and into what?

A

Into 2 things
Extracellular and intracellular

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17
Q

What is intracellular (ICF) and how much in adult body fluid?

A

It’s within the cell
About 2/3 adult body fluid

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18
Q

What is extracellular (ecf ) and how much adult body fluid?

A

Outside the cell
1/3 body fluid

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19
Q

What are the 4 things that are apart of extracellular ?

A

Plasma ( intravascular )
Interstitial
Lymph & trans cellular
Gi tract

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20
Q

What is intravascular (plasma ) and how much percentage?

A

Within vascaular system
20%

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21
Q

What is interstitial and percentage?

A

Surrounds the cell
70%

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22
Q

What is lymph and transcellular fluid percentage ?

A

10%

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23
Q

How many liters are secreted into and absorbed from the GI tract daily?

A

3-6L

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24
Q

Can vomiting and diarrhea cause significant loss of fluid and electrolytes?

A

Yes

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25
Q

How much does plasma fill in the body?

A

3 liters

26
Q

How much does interstitial fluid fill in the body? (IF)

A

10L

27
Q

How much does intracellular fluid fill in the body? (ICF)

A

28L

28
Q

Intracellular fluid contains what? (ICF)
(O,e, g)

A

Oxygen, electrolytes, glucose

29
Q

Where does metabolic reactions occur ?

A

Intracellular fluid ( ICF )

30
Q

What does extracellular fluid do? (ECF)

A

Transports system that Carries waste away

31
Q

1L of fluid weights what?

A

1Kg or 2.2 pounds

32
Q

240ML of fluid equals to what in pounds?

A

0.5lbs

33
Q

2L of fluids equal to what in pounds?

A

4.4 Lbs

34
Q

What is electrolytes?

A

Substances whose molecules dissociate into ions when placed into water

35
Q

What is cations?

A

Positively charged

36
Q

What is anions ?

A

Negatively charged

37
Q

Cations and anions combine to create electrically what?

A

Neutral substances

38
Q

Electrolyte compositions - ICF
( intracellular fluid )
Prevalent cation is and is made up of what small amounts?
(m,s)

A

Potassium K+

Small amounts of magnesium and sodium

39
Q

Electrolyte compositions - ICF
( intracellular fluid )
Prevalent anion is and made up of small amounts of?
(P,B)

A

Phosphate PO4^3-

Small amounts of protein and bicarbonate

40
Q

Electrolyte compositions - ECF
( Extracellular fluid )
Prevalent cation is and made up of small amounts of?
(p,c,m)

A

Sodium Na+
Small amounts of potassium, calcium, magnesium

41
Q

Electrolyte compositions - ECF
( Extracellular fluid )
Prevalent anion is and made up of small amounts of?
(B,s,p)

A

Chlorine
Small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate

42
Q

What does selectively permeable? And give an example of what doesn’t go through?

A

Cell membranes allow some substances to move freely but not others?

Proteins are too big to fit through

43
Q

What is a solute?

A

A substance that dissolved in liquid

44
Q

What is a solvent ?

A

A liquid in which a solute is dissolved

45
Q

What is colloids?

A

Substances that do not dissolve readily into true solutions

46
Q

What is crystalloids?

A

Salts that dissolve readily into true solutions

47
Q

What does Osmolality mean?

A

The concentration of solutes in the body

48
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The power of a solution to pull water across a semi permeable membrane

49
Q

How is osmotic pressure exerted by?
(NDP)

A

By the number of nondiffusible particles in a solution

50
Q

What is colloid osmotic pressure?

A

A pulling force exerted by colloids ( proteins ) that help maintain water content of blood

51
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms controlling fluid and electrolyte movement?

A

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis

52
Q

What is simple diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

53
Q

For simple diffusion, does the membrane that molecules diffuse through must be permeable?

A

Yes

54
Q

What is facilitated diffusion? Example?

A

Uses carrier to move molecules

Glucose transport

55
Q

What is active transport?

A

Process in which molecules move against the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

56
Q

Is energy needed for active transport?

A

Yes

57
Q

What is an example of active transport?

A

Sodium potassium pump

58
Q

What is osmosis? ( and doesn’t allow what to cross )

A

Movement of water through a semi permeable membrane that does not allow the solute to cross

59
Q

Is osmosis from high to low or low to high?

A

Low to high

60
Q

Does osmosis require energy and when does it stop?

A

No it doesn’t need energy
Stops when concentrations are equal

61
Q

When does diffusion stop?

A

When concentrations are equal

Nurs 347 Pathophysiology exam 1 (7 decks)

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