Sodium (Na) Flashcards
Normal sodium values
133 - 146 mmol/L
What level is considered hyponatraemia
< 135 mmol/L
Hyponatraemia - symptoms
Drowsiness
Confusion
Convulsions
N + V
Headaches
Cramps
Drugs that cause hyponatraemia (high risk)
Loop + thiazide diuretics
- Thiazide/thiazide like more prominent
SSRIs
- Especially citalopram
Carbamazepine
Desmopressin
Drugs that cause hyponatraemia (low risk)
PPIs
ACEi/ARB
Opioids
Other anti-epileptic meds
Amiodarone
Theophylline
Mild-moderate hyponatraemia
Oral sodium chloride/sodium bicarbonate
- Add glucose if water depletion
Severe hyponatraemia
IV saline
- Isotonic = peripheral vein
- Concentrated = central vein
- Give slowly due to risk of osmotic demyelination syndrome
Hypernatraemia - symptoms
- Convulsions
- Hypovolaemia
- Thirst
- Dehydration
- Oliguria
- Postural hypotension
- Tachycardia
Drugs that cause hypernatraemia
Oral contraceptives
Corticosteroids
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium content in IV Abx
Lithium
Management or hypernatraemia
Oral or IV fluids
Treat underlying cause i.e. medications causing it
Diabetes insipidus = IV Glucose
