Calcium

Question 1

What is the normal corrected calcium level?

Answer 1

2.1 - 2.58 mmol/L

Question 2

What level is considered hypercalcaemia?

Answer 2

> 2.6 mmol/L

Question 3

Hypercalcemia - drugs that cause it

Answer 3

Thiazide diuretics
Lithium
- Stimulates PTH secretion = increased calcium resorption
Vitamin D
Vitamin A

Question 4

Hypcercalcaemia - management (unknown cause)

Answer 4

Bisphosphonates

Question 5

Hypercalcaemia - management (vit D toxicity)

Answer 5

Steroids

Question 6

Hypercalcaemia - management (malignancy)

Answer 6

Calcitonin

Question 7

Hypercalcaemia - management (hyperparathyroidism)

Answer 7

Cinalcet
- Reduces parathyroid hormone, therefore calcium
Paracalcitol
- Chronic renal failure

Question 8

Hypercalciuria - management

Answer 8

Hypercalciuria = high levels of calcium in urine
Treatment = Bendroflumethiazide
- Increase fluid intake
- Reduce dietary calcium

Question 9

Hypocalcaemia

Answer 9

Causes osteoporosis

Question 10

Hypocalcaemia - management (mild to moderate)

Answer 10

Vit D
Calcium supplements

Question 11

Hypocalcaemia - management (severe)

Answer 11

Slow IV calcium gluconate
- Too rapid = arrhythmias
- IV calcium chloride = irritant