electrolyte drugs

Question 1

sodium bicarbonate

Answer 1

alkalinizer
dissociate - bicarbonate neutralizes ion [], increase blood and urine pH, increase [] of Na in plasma
metabolic acidosis, long term Na loss
SE: edema, cerebral hemorrhage, alkalosis, tetany, HF, flatulence with PO
monitor cardiac, ABGs, electrolytes, check IV for patency, lots of interactions if diluted, PO 1-3 hours before/after meals

Question 2

KCl

Answer 2

directly add
vein burn, ventricular fibrilitation with IVP
oral/liquids: dilute with water/juice to decrease GI distress - taste bad; IV: diluted
need urine output - no renal failure (dialysis pt - ?)

Question 3

Na polystyrene sulfonate

Answer 3

cation exchange resin
bind K in digestive tract and replace with Na (for hyperK)
c/n/v/d - obstruction and intestinal necrosis
benefits vs risk, can be enema, have to poop out (need to have bowel function)

Question 4

D50/Insulin (1 ampule +10U regular)

Answer 4

insulin shifts K into cells, D50 prevents hypoglycemia
for hyperK
work fast - cardiac issues

Question 5

MgSO4
Mg oxide

Answer 5

antacid - replace Mg (for hypoMg)
prevent/treat seizures in preeclampsia, cardiac rhythm disturbance
IV burns - IV for low Mg
PO for consitpation
Mg oxide for long term hypoMg