SOCSCI 1 M33 Flashcards
It is to think about something
(external to the individual)
Reflection
It is to think about the
process of thinking itself
Reflexive (Reflexiveness or Reflexivity)
A kind of Metacognition
Second level of symbolicity
Idiom or literary language, figurative language, etc.
Refers to the view that the self is all that can
be known to exist. Even if something exists, it cannot be known, only its appearance.
Solipsism
In psychology, it refers to self-centeredness, a sense of entitlement, a lack of empathy, need
for admiration as characteristic of a personality type
Also lacks second level of awareness
Self-centeredness and vain self-reflection
Narcissism
In psychiatry, it refers to the inability to distinguish
self from external objects as characteristic of a mental disorder
Self-centeredness
Who said “To be a questioner in reality is to locate oneself as part of the questionable and also the source of questions”
Natanson
In the most general sense, ‘reflexive,’ ‘reflexiveness,’ and ‘reflexivity’ “describes the capacity of language and of thought — of any system of signification — “To turn or bend back upon itself, to become an object to itself, and to refer to itself”
Babcock
When we think, then, we ourselves, as we are at that moment appear as a sign
Pierce
(Semiotics)
They attain that status (of meaning) when they become a symbol
Signs (otherwise has no meaning)
“As a paradox, ‘reflexivity’ refers to consciousness of self-consciousness in which the mind by its own operation attempts to say something about its operation”
Bateson
(Bateson, Steps to an Ecology of
the Mind, 1972; Colie (Paradoxia Epidemica, 1966).
Who said performative utterances e.g. promises are reflexive acts
John Austin
Perry - follower of Austin
In phenomenology, they conceived of reflexivity as an embodied institution tied to temporality and situation; the process of rendering experience meaningful —the inevitable and necessary ‘framing ’ that everyone engages in. Reflexivity is retrospective and context-bound.
Schutz and Merleau-Ponty
Schutz (Barber, “Alfred Schutz,” 2018) and Merleau-Ponty (The Self as Embodied Subjectivity, in Fusar-Poli and Stranghellini, 2009)
“[It] is by means of reflexiveness that the whole social process is brought into the experience of the individuals involved in it.” “[R]eflexiveness, then, is the essential condition, within the social process, for the development of mind”
Reflexiveness as a whole social process
Defined reflexiveness as “the turning back of experience of the individual upon himself.”
Mead
(Mind, Self and Society 1934, p. 134).
History of Ideas — History is not only about events, people, and places; it is also about ideas
Fisher
(J. Fisher 1970).
Archaeology of knowledge — ‘Doing’ a ‘history of ideas’ is doing what he calls ‘archeology of knowledge’
Michel Foucault
(Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in
the Age of Reason, 1961).
Synonym for Merton’s interpersonal expectancy effect or “Matthew effect”
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Popper introduced the Oedipus effect in this work
Poverty of Historicism
Initiated ‘structurationism’ by postulating a dialectics between society and individual; that is, societies produce individuals and individuals produce society.
Berger and Luckmann
(The Social Construction of Reality, 1967)
The following furthered the idea initiated upon by
Berger and Luckmann:
Bhaskar
Bourdieu
Dawe
Giddens
Sayer
Touraine
Bhaskar (The Possibility of Naturalism, 1979);
Bourdieu (Outline of a Theory of Practice, 1977);
Dawe (“Theories of Social Action,” 1979);
Giddens (1976, 1981);
Sayer (Marx’s Method: Ideology, Science and Critique in ‘Capital’ 1979);
Touraine (The Self Production of Society, 1977).
Practical consciousness: Bourdieu called it – a semi-structure and Giddens – ‘institution’ (citing Radcliffe-Brown, “standardized modes of behavior”) and ‘system’ (principles, rules that govern the operations of something, e.g., social system), as situated ‘practices’ (located, placed, in context).
Habitus
Production involves capable, conscious agents who aim not only to reconstitute structure but also transform it
Bhaskar — transformational model
Giddens endorsed this on structuration theory — For Giddens, social systems are stretched across time and space. This dissolves the distinction
between:
Synchronic and Diachronic
Introduced structuration theory
Giddens
Concept referring to intentional activities whereby individuals seek to satisfy their needs and goals
Agency
Refers to inability to distinguish between external object and self
Self-centeredness
Structural properties of social systems are both the medium and outcome of practices that constitute those systems
Gidden’s duality of structures
Radical of reflection, reflexivity, or reflectiveness which also means to bend
To flex (they are derivatives of “Flex”)
‘Reflexive’ has been used since 1837 to describe
pronouns, verbs, and their significations that are “characterized by, or denote, a reflex action on the subject of the clause or sentence”
Grammar
