SOCSCI 1 M11

Question 1

(a) a problem that seeks for solutions, usually global, e.g., poverty, and its local forms;

Answer 1

Problematique

Question 2

(b) a research problem or question, e.g., Is life finite?

Answer 2

Problematique

Question 3

(c) the subject that a field of knowledge claims as its own, e.g., logic. It is bound with the historical period that produces it.

Answer 3

problematique

Question 4

(a) it partakes of the period’s assumptions of ‘truth’; and

(b) the dominant knowledge at the time influences it

Answer 4

Idea of problematique and its paradigm

Question 5

The ______________ (mode of understanding) produces, purveys, and supports, the problematique at the time.

Answer 5

paradigm

Question 6

Moreover, it controls the way we think about things, including accepting its flaws and reproducing them (Foucault 1966).

Answer 6

Paradigm (modality)

Question 7

The first paradigm that posits the first problematique of science: It is the role of science to help man attain happiness.

Answer 7

Positivism

Question 8

Study of old age

Answer 8

Gerontology

Question 9

Universal old age

Answer 9

80 years old

Question 10

2 obsessions of 19 century man with the human body

Answer 10

Aging and death

Question 11

Western society today obsession with the human body:

Answer 11

Age and n ugliness

I.e. cosmetic surgery

Or has nothing to do with age but just ugliness
- in the name of confidence

Question 12

Noninfectious epidemic accts for decline in old age in developed countries n the rest of the world

Answer 12

Obesity

Question 13

Term describe occurrence of disease in old age

Answer 13

Compression of Morbidity

Question 14

2 things important in lifestyle

Answer 14

Exercise and Diet

Question 15

Term for bacteria or yeasts promoted for their health benefits

Answer 15

Probiotics

Question 16

non geriatric field that dominates gerontological knowledge today

Answer 16

Biomedicine (multidisciplinary)

Anthro, Psych, Bioethics, etc…

Question 17

Twin studies Metchnikoff pioneered

Answer 17

Gerontology (Aging)

Thanatology (Death)

Question 18

Who founded Science of Happiness

Answer 18

Czikszentmihalyi

Question 19

Concept of Flow (has 8 characterisitics)

Answer 19

complete concentration, clarity of goals,
intrinsic rewards, effortlessness,
a balance between challenge and skill,
merged actions & awareness,
and feeling of control

Question 20

In the 19th century, old age, suffering, and death were prominent topics, and
positivism addressed these issues

Answer 20

Happiness and Aging

Question 21

In his study of aging and death, contributed to gerontology (the study of aging) and thanatology (the study of death).

Answer 21

Ilya Metchnikoff

Question 22

He considered aging as senescence, marked by frailty and disease, and
believed science could make aging and death more pleasant

Answer 22

Ilya Metchnikoff

Question 23

Metchnikoff’s work on gut health and yogurt laid the foundation for this field

Answer 23

modern probiotics

Question 24

Concept refers to a state…

Answer 24

Flow state

Question 25

Herbert Spencer’s 2 unknowable

Answer 25

Happiness and God

Question 26

Herbert Spencer’s 2 prerequisites to recognizing the rights of others

Answer 26

Morality and Altruism

Question 27

Haybron’s Condition of unhappiness

Answer 27

Tranquility or Depression (clinical term but changed in OL)

Question 28

Haybron’s term which refers to happiness

Answer 28

Tranquility

(Well-being)

Goodlife -> useful in Social and Political decision making i.e. policies, leads to satisfaction

Question 29

Auguste Compte’s (the founder of positivist philosophy) religion of Humanity

Answer 29

Auguste Comte (1798–1857) Theory of the Religion of Humanity = Positivism

Comtism, defined as “Catholicism without Christianity”

Comte’s religion of humanity has no concept of God. This religion is purely based on morality and not on the belief in supernatural or divine power.

Comte was not in favor of a theological kind of religion. Comte argued that God resides in the ignorance of man.

Question 30

Marcel Mauss’ book on reciprocity

Answer 30

“The Gift”

Theory of Social Origin (Reciprocity)

Mauss - Father of reciprocity

Question 31

First book on reciprocity

Answer 31

Bronislaw Malinowski

Argonauts of the Western Pacific

Examines the extensive and complex trading system maintained by Trobriand Islanders

Question 32

Rwandan model of reciprocity

Mauss following from the idea of Malinowski

Answer 32

Kula - ‘Exchange’

Symbolized as the ring/tube

Question 33

Word ref to dependence on adults until 18, 22, 25

Answer 33

Neoteny

Human dev as a life course not as aspect of social life

Question 34

Bisaya for ingrate

Answer 34

Wala Kang utang ng loob

Wa(la)y ka mabubuton

Walay buot

Question 35

2 traits consist of prosociality

Answer 35

Friendly and Cooperative

Question 36

stated phrase survival of the fittest

(Social concept neo-marxist justify social classes- in post industrial england)

Answer 36

Herbert Spencer

Later on, Charles Darwin added quality/characteristic of the “fittest”= adaptability

Question 37

State Neo-darwinism

Answer 37

Modern Synthetic Theory of Evolution (Coyne) -mutation causes variation

• natural selection… selects individuals w/fittest variation for survival

Darwinism - Evolutionism

Question 38

Who said group also ref to people and community

Answer 38

Geertz

Question 39

kinship term ref to a corporate unilineal group

Answer 39

Association

Family, lineage, tribe

Question 40

Term ref to descent based on blood

Answer 40

Kinship

Question 41

Highest Bi lateral kinship system

Answer 41

Tribe - presumed political cohesion (political system)
Unilineal
Patrilineal
Matrilineal

Question 42

Bilateral: Lineage

Political: Father side

Closer: Mother side

Question 43

Who said contact between groups is key factor to change

Answer 43

McNeill

Question 44

Define change. Give an example.

Development - freedom from encirclement

Question 45

“French coined term”

Answer 45

Divertissement