SOCL213 Final Flashcards
Segregation: effects on social
Socially, it can lead to divisions and limited interactions between different groups, hindering understanding and unity.
Segregation: effects on physical environment
Physical environment, segregated communities may lack access to quality infrastructure and amenities.
Segregation: effects on economic
Economically, segregation can contribute to disparities in opportunities and resources, perpetuating inequality.
Segregation: effects on health behaviors and outcomes
Health behaviors and outcomes, segregation can contribute to disparities in healthcare access and quality, leading to poorer health outcomes for marginalized communities.
Segregation: effects on care access
Limited access to healthcare facilities and services can also impact preventive care and early detection of illnesses.
Segregation: effects on social networks
Social networks, as individuals may have limited exposure to diverse perspectives and experiences, leading to further isolation and limited opportunities for social mobility.
Causes of segregation: gentrification
Gentrification occurs when wealthier individuals move into lower-income neighborhoods, leading to displacement and the reshaping of the community’s demographics.
Causes of segregation: place stratification theory
Place stratification theory suggests that social and economic inequalities contribute to the spatial separation of different groups within a city or region.
Causes of segregation: redlining
Redlining, on the other hand, refers to discriminatory practices by which certain neighborhoods, often inhabited by minority groups, were denied access to financial services and resources.
Rural health
In rural areas, access to healthcare facilities and services can be more limited due to geographical distance and resource availability. This can result in challenges in receiving timely and specialized care.
Environmental racism
Environmental racism refers to the disproportionate exposure of marginalized communities, particularly communities of color, to environmental hazards and pollutants. This systemic issue stems from discriminatory practices that result in the siting of polluting industries, waste facilities, and other environmental hazards in these communities. The consequences of environmental racism can include adverse health effects, such as respiratory illnesses and higher rates of pollution-related diseases.
Urban health
Urban areas generally have more healthcare options and better access to medical facilities. However, urban environments may also come with their own health challenges, such as higher levels of pollution and increased risk of certain diseases due to population density.
Social Networks- network position
Network position refers to an individual’s position within a social network, such as being well-connected or having limited connections. This can influence access to resources, support, and information, which can impact health outcomes.
Social Networks- network structure
Network structure refers to the overall pattern and connections within a social network. For example, a dense network with strong ties can provide a strong support system, while a fragmented network may limit access to support and resources.
Social Networks- network effects on health
The network effects on health are the ways in which social networks can influence health behaviors and outcomes. Positive influences can include social support, encouragement for healthy behaviors, and access to health information. Conversely, negative influences can include peer pressure, unhealthy behaviors, and exposure to stressors.
Types of social support: Emotional
Emotional support involves empathy, understanding, and listening to someone’s feelings and concerns. It helps individuals feel validated and less alone in their experiences.
Types of social support: Practical
Practical support refers to tangible assistance, such as helping with daily tasks, providing resources, or offering practical advice. This type of support can help alleviate stress and make challenging situations more manageable.
Types of social support: Informational
Informational support involves sharing knowledge, guidance, and information to help someone make informed decisions or navigate a particular situation. It can include providing resources, suggestions, or expert advice.
Types of social support: Social companionship
Social companionship support, which involves having someone to spend time with, engage in activities, and provide a sense of belonging and social connection.
Social capital
Social capital refers to the resources and benefits that arise from social networks and relationships. It encompasses the trust, reciprocity, and shared norms within a community or group. Social capital can manifest in various forms, such as access to information, opportunities, support, and collective action. It plays a crucial role in fostering social cohesion, resilience, and overall well-being within communities. Building and nurturing social capital can lead to positive outcomes, including improved health, increased social support, and enhanced community development. It’s like having a network of friends who support and uplift each other.
Strength of weak ties
The strength of weak ties refers to the idea that connections with acquaintances or individuals outside of our close social circles can be valuable. These weak ties can provide access to new information, diverse perspectives, and opportunities that may not be present within our immediate network. While strong ties, such as close friends and family, offer support and emotional connection, weak ties can offer unique insights, job opportunities, and connections to different social circles.
Social policies and health outcomes
Social policies can have a significant impact on health outcomes. Policies that prioritize access to healthcare, education, affordable housing, and social safety nets can contribute to improved health and well-being. For example, ensuring universal healthcare coverage can help individuals receive necessary medical care, leading to better health outcomes. Similarly, policies that address social determinants of health, such as poverty and inequality, can help reduce health disparities and promote overall population health.
Neoliberalism and health
Neoliberalism is an economic and political ideology that emphasizes free markets, deregulation, and individual responsibility. Its impact on health is complex and debated. Some argue that neoliberal policies can lead to health inequalities, as they prioritize market forces over social welfare and may reduce access to healthcare for marginalized populations. Others suggest that neoliberalism can promote innovation and efficiency in healthcare systems.
Definition: hegemony
Hegemony refers to the dominance or leadership of one group or ideology over others. It involves the exercise of power and control to establish and maintain authority. In the context of social, cultural, or political systems, hegemony can shape norms, values, and beliefs, influencing the behavior and perspectives of individuals and groups. It often involves the exertion of power by a dominant group to maintain its position and suppress alternative viewpoints.
Definition: hybridization
hybridization refers to the blending or mixing of different elements, ideas, or cultures. It occurs when different cultures or ideologies interact and influence each other, resulting in the creation of something new and unique. Hybridization can lead to cultural diversity, the emergence of new identities, and the transformation of traditions and practices. It is often associated with globalization and the interconnectedness of societies.
Global governance – definition, actors
Global governance refers to the collective efforts and mechanisms aimed at addressing global issues and challenges that transcend national boundaries. It involves the coordination, cooperation, and regulation of various actors, including states, international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and other stakeholders. These actors work together to develop policies, norms, and regulations to tackle issues such as climate change, human rights, trade, and security on a global scale.
Structural adjustment programs
Structural adjustment programs (SAPs) were economic policies implemented by international financial institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, in the 1980s and 1990s. These programs were typically imposed on developing countries as conditions for receiving financial assistance or loans. SAPs aimed to promote economic stability and growth by implementing measures such as fiscal austerity, deregulation, privatization, and trade liberalization. However, they often had negative social consequences, including increased poverty, inequality, and reduced access to social services. The impact of SAPs is a topic of ongoing debate, with critics highlighting their potential negative effects on vulnerable populations.
Globalization and COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on globalization. With travel restrictions, disruptions in global supply chains, and a shift towards remote work, it has forced us to rethink how interconnected our world truly is. On one hand, it has highlighted the vulnerabilities and risks of a highly globalized world. On the other hand, it has also shown the importance of international cooperation and the need for global solutions to combat a global crisis.
international surrogacy
International surrogacy is one example where individuals from one country may choose to have a surrogate mother from another country.
sweatshop labor
Sweatshop labor is another example, where workers in developing countries often face poor working conditions and low wages.
unhealthy foods
Unhealthy foods can also be a result of globalization, as multinational corporations may introduce processed and fast food options that have negative health impacts.
