Sociology Week 2 Flashcards
What is a way to obtain empirical evidence?
Conducting research and testing a hypothesis in a controlled setting through deductive methods is the typical process for obtaining empirical evidence.
Emperical evidence is:
Evidence that comes from direct experoence, scientifically gathered data, or experimentation
mETA-aNALYSIS IS?
A tequnique in which the results of virtually all previous studies on a specific subject are evaluated together
what is Interprative framework focused on rather than designing a study??
Gathering information
interprative framework, while being systematicm does not follow what model?`
Hypothosis-tested that seeks to find generaizable results
What does interperative framework seek to do?
Understand social wworlds from the pouint of view of participantsm which leads to in-dpth knowledge
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What type of reearch is generally more descriptive and narrative in its findings?
interperative research
interperative research often invoves a significant amount of direct observation or interaction with subjects
yeah idk just study it more
reliability when studying sociology studies refurs to
how likely research results are to be replicated if the study is reproduced.
Researchers also strive for validity, which refers to
how well the study measures what it was designed to measure.
When forming these basic research questions, sociologists develop an operational definition, which means they define
the concept in terms of the physical or concrete steps it takes to objectively measure it.
Sociological studies test relationships in which change in one ________ causes change in another.
variable
Code of Ethics
formal guidelines for conducting sociological research consisting of principles and ethical standards to be used in the discipline.
Hawthorne effect
where people change their behavior because they know they are being watched as part of a study.
value neutrality
a practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment, during the course of a study and in publishing results
survey targets a specific
population
What is a couple examples of a population a survey might target
such as college athletes, international students, or teenagers living with type 1 (juvenile-onset) diabetes.
Most researchers choose to survey a small sector of the population, or a
sample
sample
a manageable number of subjects who represent a larger population.
The success of a study depends on how well a population is
is represented by the sample.
quantitative data
esearch collected in numerical form that can be counted
esearch collected in numerical form that can be counted
results that are subjective and often based on what is seen in a natural setting.
n a natural or field-based experiment, the generation of data cannot be
controlled,
n a natural or field-based experiment, the generation of data cannot be controlled, but the information might be considered
more accurate since it was collected without interference or intervention by the researcher
In _____________ research, a sociologist joins people and participates in a group’s routine activities for the purpose of observing them within that context.
Psrticipant Observation
Ethnography is the
extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting.
Ethnographies involve ____ of an entire community.
objective observation
Institutional ethnography is an extension of basic ethnographic research principles that focuses intentionally
on everyday concrete social relationships.
institutional ethnography is often considered
a feminist-inspired approach to
Developed by Canadian sociologist Dorothy E. Smith, institutional ethnography is often considered a feminist-inspired approach to social analysis and primarily considers
women’s experiences within male-dominated societies and power structures.
The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is:
Ethnography isn’t based on hypothosis testing
A case study is an in-depth analysis of a
single event, situation, or individual.
Researchers might use this method to study a single case of, for example
a foster child, drug lord, cancer patient, criminal, or rape victim.
a major criticism of the case study method is that
a developed study of a single case, while offering depth on a topic, does not provide broad enough evidence to form a generalized conclusion.
content analysis,
applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as they relate to the study at hand.
Using secondary data is considered an unobtrusive or ________ research method.
non reactive
Why are operational definitions important?
Operational definitions provide clarity and allow for replication of a study.
If you want to do research about personal opinions and behaviors, it’s best to
provide a survey.
