Sociolization Flashcards
The transmission of culture to members of a society so they can learn how to best succeed in any particular culture is known as ________.
socialization
Elise and her identical twin, Daveena, have very different personalities. Their friends and family always tell Daveena that she is so fun and outgoing, while Elise is praised for being shy, but focused. Elise thinks that it’s easiest to let Daveena do all the talking and becomes increasingly introverted. What began as a label eventually exacerbates the differences between the twins. This describes ________.
the self-fulfilling prophecy
The patterns of behaviors and norms that accompany a social status are called ________.
roles
Which of the following believed that self-development was never actually completed and depended more on social aspects than psychosexual stages?
Erikson
The transmission of culture to members of a society so they can learn how to best succeed in any particular culture is known as ________.
socialization
Which of the following is NOT a stage of socialization across the lifespan?
the generalized other
nature:
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development
nurture:
the role that our social environment plays in self-development
Jean Piaget
a Swiss psychologist who specialized in child development, focusing specifically on the role of developmental social interactions. He recognized that the development of self evolved through a negotiation between the world as it exists in one’s mind and the world that exists as it is experienced socially (Piaget 1954). All three of these thinkers have contributed to our modern understanding of self-development.
Lawrence Kohlberg
e developed a theory of moral development that includes three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. Morality generally refers to the way people learn what society considers to be “good” and “bad,” which is important for a smoothly functioning society. In the preconventional stage, young children, who lack a higher level of cognitive ability, experience the world around them only through their senses. As teenagers, there is increasing awareness of others’ feelings, and teens begin to take those into consideration when determining what’s “good” and “bad.” The final stage, called postconventional, is when people begin to think of morality in more complex, abstract terms, such as Americans believing that everyone has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. At this stage, people also recognize that legality and morality do not always match up evenly (Kohlberg 1981).
Psychologist Carol Gilligan
recognized that Kohlberg’s theory might show gender bias since his research was only conducted on male subjects, so she set out to study differences between how boys and girls developed morality. Gilligan’s research demonstrated that boys and girls do, in fact, have different understandings of morality. Boys tend to have a justice perspective, by placing emphasis on rules and laws. Girls, on the other hand, have a care and responsibility perspective, and they are more likely to consider a personal rationale for behavior that seems morally wrong.
Which of the following believed that self-development was developed through learning to take on the role of others in our lives?
Mead he ad like imitatle, play and game
In 1966 sociologists Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann wrote a book called The Social Construction of Reality. In it, they argued that society is created by humans and human interaction, which they call
habitualization
Habitualization describes how “
any action that is repeated frequently becomes cast into a pattern, which can then be … performed again in the future in the same manner and with the same economical effort”
self-fulfilling prophecy
Sociologist Robert K. Merton used the phrase self-fulfilling prophecy to describe how even a false idea can become true if it is acted upon.
