✅Sociology of Sport Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are the two main concerns of sociology?
Examining interactions and interdependence - the way people live in groups within society and therefore interact with others throughout their everyday lives.
Examining how human behaviour becomes controlled, e.g. via family members, friends, schools, etc.
Define society
An organised group of people associated fro some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.
How can sport be applied to a society?
Success in sport on a global scale is often viewed as an important measure of the relative status of a society or nation in the world.
E.g. National identity and pride are often achieved as a result of success at events such as the Olympics.
Define socialisation
A lifelong process where, members of a society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in society.
Define primary socialisation
Refers to socialisation during the early years of childhood which takes place mainly within immediate family.
Define secondary socialisation
This occurs in the later years, when family is less involved and its more friends, peers, groups and schools.
What is a key part of primary socialisation?
A key process is the internalisation of a society’s culture where individuals absorb and accept its shared norms and values.
What’s an example of secondary socialisation?
School helps by teaching important moral skills such as co-operation, teamwork and learning to take responsibility for ones own actions.
What is gender socialisation?
The act of learning to conform to culturally defined gender roles through socialisation.
Define social control
A concept that refers to the way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviour are regulated in social systems.
What’s an example of modern social control?
Mild disapproval from a husband or male partner might persuade women to limit their physical activity to what they view as ‘respectable’ and therefore ‘socially acceptable’.
They might choose badminton over rugby, or aerobics over boxing if under the influence of social control.
What is an institution?
An established organisation founded for a religious, educational, professional or social purpose.
Define social change
An alteration in the social order of a society.
When does social change occur?
When institutions re-adjust to meet ‘new needs’ of groups in society such as women.
What’s an example of an attempt to bring social change?
‘This girl can’ campaign, launched by sport England, as a high profile scheme to try to bring about social changes in the way women’s participation in sport and physical activity is viewed.
Define social issues
Problems that affect many people within a society.
Define inequality
The unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within a society.
When does social inequality occur?
When resources in a society are unevenly distributed among socially defined categories of people - gender, ethnic or racial inequalities, as well as economic inequality.
What are the possible causes of inequality?
Lack of money/costs of participating.
Lack of confidence/self-esteem.
Lack of role models to aspire to as participants/coaches/leaders of sports organisations in positions of responsibility.
Myths or stereotypes in some sections of society about their capabilities.
Define social stratification
A type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic, such as wealth or status.
What’s an example for social stratification?
Sports such as equestrian, rowing and skiing are expensive and not all can access them, unlike football
Define social class
A term used to describe social inequalities.
Factors which contribute include, a persons job, family background and income.
Define the social action theory
A way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action.
What does the social action theory suggest?
That sport is produced and developed at a particular time through the relationships and social networks or people who share similar views.
The links between these people and their social interdependence are the key ideas of such a theory.
