✅Barriers To Participation Flashcards
What are the barriers to participation?
Disability
Ethnicity
Gender
What is disability?
A term used when impairment adversely affects performance
What is integration?
Able-bodied and disabled people taking part in the same activity at the same time (e.g. London marathon)
What is segregation?
People with disabilities participating separately among themselves (e.g. the Paralympics).
What barriers do people with disabilities face?
Negative self-image or lack of confidence.
Relatively low income levels - costs of participation such as membership fees and transport costs.
Lack of access into and around facilities - doorways too narrow, no ramps.
Lack of organised programmes.
Low levels of media coverage/few role models to aspire to; leads to lack of information available.
Lack of specialist coaches/clubs/competitions/equipment.
Myths/stereotypes about the capabilities of people with a disability - lower expectations, safety concerns
What are the solutions to decrease the barriers for people with a disability?
Providing more opportunities for success - helping athletes reach the highest level possible.
Increased investment - subsidise it and make it more affordable.
Providing transport to facilities, and improved access into/around facilities.
Improved technology, e.g. prosthetics/wheelchairs.
Increased media coverage and promoting role models to relate and aspire to.
Training more specialist coaches and setting up more clubs.
Educating people on myths and stereotypes, and challenging inappropriate attitudes.
Designing activities specifically for individuals with disabilities.
What is racism?
A set of beliefs or ideas based on the assumption that races have distinct hereditary characteristics that give some races an intrinsic superiority over others; it may lead to physical or verbal abuse.
What are ethnic groups?
People who have racial, religious or linguistic traits in common
What are examples of racism in sport?
Stacking
Channelling
What is stacking?
The disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain positions in a sports team, which tends to be based on the stereotype that they are more valuable for their physicality than their decision-making and communication qualities.
What is channeling?
Ethnic minorities may be pushed into certain sports and even certain positions within a team, based on assumptions about them.
What are the barriers to ethnic minorities?
Conflict with religious/cultural observances.
A higher value placed on education as opposed to sporting participation; discouragement via family and friends.
Fear of racism/racist abuse, prejudice, discrimination.
Fewer role models to aspire to, particularly in coaching/managerial positions.
Fear of rejection/low levels of self-esteem.
Stereotyping and attempts at channelling ethnic minorities into cortina sports and away from others.
Language barriers may exist for some ethnic minority groups.
What are the solutions to the barriers for ethnic minorities?
Training more ethnic minority coaches, teachers and sports leaders and educating them on the effects of stereotyping.
Ensuring there is single-sex provision.
Publicising and punishing severely any racist abuse.
Ensuring provision in PE programmes is appropriate for all ethnic preferences.
Organising campaigns against racism in sport.
Kick it out is football’s equality and inclusion organisation which is working through the football, educational and community sectors to challenge discrimination and campaign for change.
What are the barriers for women?
Lack of time and money.
Less media coverage.
Fewer role models.
Stereotypical myths.
Fewer sponsorship opportunities/less funding.
School PE programmes (fewer options).
Lack of fitness, low levels of self-confidence, body image issues.
Channelling women into certain ‘female appropriate’ sports.
Fewer leagues/competitions/clubs available for women
What are the solutions to the barriers for women?
Introduce/enforce laws which make sex discrimination unlawful in many spheres of life.
Encouragement of greater social acceptance of women have in jobs/careers with more disposable income giving increased financial independence.
Encourage shared domestic/childcare responsibilities - more leisure time for women.
Increased media coverage of women’s sport.
Increased sponsorship attracted to women’s sport
Providing education to refute/reject the stereotypical myths.
Providing more opportunities to join clubs and participate
Via the work of organisations such as Sport England, as well as specialist organisations such as Women in Sport.
