Sociology Flashcards
A society is a complex system characterized by inequality and conflict that generate social changes.
Conflict paradigm
A society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability.
Functional paradigm
Individuals interact differently with different people in different social situations.
Interaction Paradigm
Societies develop in increasing complexity in relation to their respective environments
Evolutionary theory
Stands on the basic premise that a person expects something in return for what he does.
Exchange theory
Theory of positivism to study the world that led to sociology
August Comte
Dialectical Materialism and Economic Determinism
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Bureaucratization as ideal type of Verstehen
Max Weber
Social Facts(material and non-material), mechanical(social) solidarity and organic solidarity society
Emile Durkeheim
Interrelatedness of human and society(social self)
George Mead(1863-1931)
Ethnomethodology
Harold Garfinkel
A person’s action creates impressions on others(dramaturgical analysis)
Erving Goodman(1922-1982)
Strain Theory(Anomie)
Robert Merton
Structural Functionalism(adoption, Goal attainment, integration and latency)
Talcott Parson
Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer
Labeling theory
Howard Becker
Cultural Evolution-role of IT
Gerhard and Jean Lenski
Gemeinschaft and gesselschaft
Ferdinand Toennies
Sociological Imagination- individual lives are shaped by social forces
Charles Wright Mills(1916-1962)
Theories about origins of society
Social contract Patriarchal Evolutionary Necessity Divine
The people agreed to form their group as a society
Social contract
The society grew from families and clans
Patriarchal
The society grew and developed naturally
Evolutionary
The society was created out of need
Necessity
The society was created by a supreme being
Divine
Evolution of Society : PAIP
Primitive
Agricultural
Industrial
Post Industrial
Nomadic, hunting and gathering
Primitive society
Domestication of plants and animals
Agricultural society
Use of machines in production and services
Industrial
Use of micro-electronic and computer technology
Post Industrial Society
4 social groups
Primary and secondary
Formal and informal
In-group and out-group
Gemeinschaft and Gesselschaft
Family and peers
Primary group
Organizations
Secondary group
Feeling of we
In-group
Feeling of they
Out-group
Purposely organized with system and procedures
Formal
Unplanned, spontaneous interaction
Informal
Intimate, personal, informal, warm, close—family, rural
Gemeinschaft
Formal, impersonal, (corporation, bureaucracy)
Gesselschaft
Process of acquiring behavior and skills needed for social living
Socialization
Elements of socialization HATE
Heredity
Attitude and Perception
Training at home
Environmental influence
Considered as the basic unit of society; foundation of the society
Family
Imparts and instills moral and religious precepts
Church
Machinery of the State to implement its goals and aspirations
Governments
Educates the people
School
Meets the economic needs of the people
Business
Caste system(fixed), social class system(mobile)
Social stratification
Growth of urban areas, changing values and lifestyles
Impact of modernization
Teenage pregnancy, abortion, fertility control
Population issues
Limited economic and social services, health housing
Poverty
Prostitution, drug abuse
Vices
Corruption, kidnapping, rape
Crimes
