Sociology

Question 1

Who is known as the ‘father of sociology’?

Answer 1

Auguste Comte

Question 2

What are the three main sociological perspectives?

Answer 2

• Functionalism
• Conflict Theory
• Symbolic Interactionism

Question 3

Which sociologist introduced the concept of the ‘sociological imagination’?

Answer 3

C. Wright Mills

Question 4

What is the term for norms that are considered highly necessary for the welfare of society and have moral significance?

Answer 4

Mores

Question 5

What is an example of a latent function of education?

Answer 5

Social networking

Question 6

What is the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of their culture?

Answer 6

Socialization

Question 7

Which sociological perspective focuses on how individuals use symbols and meanings in social interactions?

Answer 7

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 8

What term did Karl Marx use to describe the working class?

Answer 8

Proletariat

Question 9

What is the term for a position in society that is assigned at birth and not chosen?

Answer 9

Ascribed status

Question 10

What term refers to a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position?

Answer 10

Role

Question 11

Which sociologist wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism?

Answer 11

Max Weber

Question 12

Who developed the concept of ‘verstehen’ (interpretive understanding) in sociology?

Answer 12

Max Weber

Question 13

What did Emile Durkheim study to demonstrate the impact of social integration on human behavior?

Answer 13

Suicide

Question 14

Which sociologist is known for their work on social capital and cultural capital?

Answer 14

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 15

Who introduced the concept of ‘double consciousness’?

Answer 15

W.E.B. Du Bois

Question 16

Which sociologist developed the ‘looking-glass self’ theory?

Answer 16

Charles Horton Cooley

Question 17

Who proposed the dramaturgical approach to social interaction?

Answer 17

Erving Goffman

Question 18

What is Michel Foucault known for studying in relation to power and knowledge?

Answer 18

• Surveillance
• Discipline
• Social institutions

Question 19

Which feminist sociologist introduced the idea of the ‘intersectionality’ of race, class, and gender?

Answer 19

Kimberlé Crenshaw

Question 20

Which sociologist developed the concept of ‘habitus’ in relation to social structure and agency?

Answer 20

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 21

What is the term for a large-scale organization of people with a shared purpose, such as schools, churches, or governments?

Answer 21

Social institution

Question 22

Which term refers to a society in which social mobility is primarily determined by individual achievement?

Answer 22

Meritocracy

Question 23

What is the sociological term for the division of society into hierarchical layers based on factors like wealth, power, and prestige?

Answer 23

Social stratification

Question 24

What is the term for a family unit consisting of two parents and their children?

Answer 24

Nuclear family

Question 25

Which economic system is characterized by private ownership of production and a focus on profit?

Answer 25

Capitalism

Question 26

What term describes a system of marriage in which an individual has only one spouse at a time?

Answer 26

Monogamy

Question 27

Which religious tradition is most associated with Max Weber’s analysis of capitalism?

Answer 27

Protestantism

Question 28

What is the term for a political system in which power is vested in a single ruler or small elite?

Answer 28

Autocracy

Question 29

Which theory argues that education perpetuates social inequalities through tracking and standardized testing?

Answer 29

Conflict Theory

Question 30

What is the term for a system of racial classification that is socially constructed rather than biologically determined?

Answer 30

Race as a social construct

Question 31

What is the process by which cultural elements spread from one society to another?

Answer 31

Cultural diffusion

Question 32

What term describes a significant change in the structure and functioning of a society over time?

Answer 32

Social change

Question 33

What is the term for unspoken, unwritten rules of behavior in society?

Answer 33

Informal norms

Question 34

Which type of mobility occurs when an individual moves from one social class to another within their lifetime?

Answer 34

Intragenerational mobility

Question 35

What is the sociological term for a state of normlessness or social instability?

Answer 35

Anomie

Question 36

What is the term for a situation in which people experience conflicting expectations within the same social role?

Answer 36

Role strain

Question 37

What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?

Answer 37

Prejudice is an attitude, while discrimination is an action

Question 38

Which sociological perspective argues that deviance serves a function in society by reinforcing norms?

Answer 38

Functionalism

Question 39

What is the term for a person who identifies with a gender different from the one they were assigned at birth?

Answer 39

Transgender

Question 40

Which term refers to the movement of individuals or groups between different social classes?

Answer 40

Social mobility

Question 41

Which sociologist is known for their work on globalization and modernity?

Answer 41

Anthony Giddens

Question 42

What is the term for policies and practices that systematically disadvantage certain racial or ethnic groups?

Answer 42

Institutional racism

Question 43

Which feminist sociologist wrote The Second Sex?

Answer 43

Simone de Beauvoir

Question 44

What is the term for the unpaid labor performed at home, often by women, in addition to paid work?

Answer 44

The second shift

Question 45

Which sociologist is associated with the study of digital technology and surveillance in society?

Answer 45

Shoshana Zuboff

Question 46

What is the term for a society in which technology and information are central to economic and social life?

Answer 46

Post-industrial society

Question 47

What is the term for discrimination or inequality based on age?

Answer 47

Ageism

Question 48

Which sociological theory focuses on how gender roles are socially constructed?

Answer 48

Feminist Theory

Question 49

What is the term for a set of cultural expectations associated with one’s sex?

Answer 49

Gender roles

Question 50

Which sociologist introduced the concept of 'McDonaldization' to describe modern society’s focus on efficiency and predictability?

Answer 50

George Ritzer

Question 51

Who coined the term 'sociology'?

Answer 51

Auguste Comte ## Footnote Comte developed positivism as a scientific approach to studying society.

Question 52

What theory did Karl Marx develop?

Answer 52

Conflict theory ## Footnote Focused on class struggle and capitalism.

Question 53

What did Émile Durkheim pioneer in sociology?

Answer 53

The study of social facts ## Footnote Also explored anomie and the role of institutions in maintaining social order.

Question 54

What concepts did Max Weber introduce?

Answer 54

Bureaucracy and rationalization ## Footnote He also analyzed the Protestant work ethic’s role in capitalism.

Question 55

What did Georg Simmel explore in his work?

Answer 55

Social forms and urban life ## Footnote Investigated the impact of small group interactions.

Question 56

Who developed the concept of 'double consciousness'?

Answer 56

W.E.B. Du Bois ## Footnote He was a pioneer in studying race and inequality.

Question 57

What is Talcott Parsons known for?

Answer 57

Structural-functionalism ## Footnote He emphasized social systems and stability.

Question 58

What theories did Robert K. Merton develop?

Answer 58

Social roles and strain theory ## Footnote Also known for manifest and latent functions.

Question 59

Who coined the term 'sociological imagination'?

Answer 59

C. Wright Mills ## Footnote Analyzed power structures, including the 'power elite.'

Question 60

What approach did Erving Goffman develop?

Answer 60

Dramaturgical approach ## Footnote He viewed life as a 'performance.'

Question 61

Who was a key member of the Frankfurt School?

Answer 61

Herbert Marcuse ## Footnote Critiqued capitalism and mass consumer culture.

Question 62

What concepts did Pierre Bourdieu introduce?

Answer 62

Social capital and cultural capital ## Footnote Also discussed habitus in shaping social inequality.

Question 63

What did Michel Foucault analyze?

Answer 63

Power and discipline ## Footnote Explored surveillance and the relationship between knowledge and control.

Question 64

What is Jürgen Habermas known for?

Answer 64

Communication and democracy ## Footnote Focused on the public sphere in modern societies.

Question 65

Who developed world-systems theory?

Answer 65

Immanuel Wallerstein ## Footnote Analyzed global economic and political inequalities.

Question 66

What foundational work did Simone de Beauvoir contribute to feminist sociology?

Answer 66

The Second Sex ## Footnote Laid the foundation for feminist sociology.

Question 67

What theory did Dorothy Smith develop?

Answer 67

Standpoint theory ## Footnote Emphasizes how knowledge is shaped by social positions.

Question 68

What concept is Judith Butler known for?

Answer 68

Gender performativity ## Footnote Challenged fixed notions of gender identity.

Question 69

Who introduced the concept of intersectionality?

Answer 69

Kimberlé Crenshaw ## Footnote Analyzed how race, gender, and class interact in oppression.

Question 70

What did Patricia Hill Collins develop?

Answer 70

Black feminist thought ## Footnote Explored the intersections of race, gender, and class.