Sociology Flashcards
Race
Genetic ancestery and physical appearance
Culture
A changeable entity determined by upbringing and choice, characterised by attitudes and behaviours
Ethnicity
Determined by social pressure and psychological need. Characterised by a sense of group identity and belonging
Teology
Utilitarianism
Aka consequentialism
Deontological
Duty based, nature of actions.
KANT
Prejudice
Preconceived opinion not based on reason or actual experience
Concept of self (Gallup)
Touching the dot, to demonstrate self-recogniton
Doesn’t occur before 15 months
5-25% touch by 18 months
75% by 20 months
Bions basic group assumptions
Dependency
Pairing
Fight-flight
Dependency (Bion)
Group will depend on a leader to look after them; idealising the person who can ‘solve all problems”
Pairing (Bion)
2 people in the group carry out work for everyone else; this causes the group to stagnate as they hope the pair will create a solution to the group’s problem
Fight-flight
The group act as though there is a danger or enemy that they need to flee or attack.
Conflict/hostility = fight
Avoidance of work by arriving late/ joking = flight
Risky shift
A group can make more risky decision than the individual
Group polarisation
Strengthen an inclination and drive the group to a polar opinion
Group think
The desire to agree with group members can override rational judgement and usual views
Diffusion of responsibility
Task presented to a group, but each person assumes others will take responsibility
Social loafing
People put in less effort when part of a group than when they attempt to do the same task alone
The bystander effect
In large groups, individuals are less likely to help those in need
Conformity
A person’s behaviours and opinions are matched to the norms of the group.
Compliance - someone appears to confrom yet secretly has a different view.
Identification - affinity of a respected group member
Internalisation - member truly agrees and norms are their personal view
Internalisation
Group think
Due to pressures of conformity and wish for harmony the group may make bad decisions which are not thought out or may be against moral judgement.
Can occur more readily when a group is isolated.
Groupthink can dehumanise out groups.
Deindividuation
Losing your sense of self in a group; can lead to group think.
Collective narcissism
An emotional investment in the unrealistic belief of the groups greatness.
Collective narcissism
An emotional investment in the unrealistic belief of the groups greatness.
Yalom - therapy group
- Instillation of hope
- Universality - you are not so different from
others - Imparting of information
- Altruism
- Development of socialising technology
- Imitative behaviour
- Catharsis
- Corrective recapitulation of the primary family group.
- Existential factors
- Group cohesiveness
- Interpersonal learning
Realistic group conflict theory
Hostility and prejudice felt towards out group is due to competition for limited resources and the fear that the out group will deprive them.