Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LING 1010 > Sociolinguistics > Flashcards

Sociolinguistics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sociolinguistics

A

The study of the relationship between language and society
Empirical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is macro-sociolinguistics

A

Examines what societies do with their languages
ex: language planning, bilingual education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Micro-linguistics

A

Examins how language variation correlates with social factors
ex: age, social class, gender, sexuality, education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the types of variations in speech?

A

intra-speaker variation, inter-speaker variation, regional variation, linguistic variable, linguistic variants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is intra-speaker variation?

A

Variation within one persons speech
Ex: couch vs sofa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is inter-speaker variation?

A

Variation in speech with other people
Compares variants across groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is regional variation?

A

variation wihtin speech dependant on location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Variation in linguistic variables?

A

instances of variation between forms that mean the same thing
ex: furniture poeple wit on, future expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are linguistic variants

A

Each of the forms participating in the variation
tree: (variable) -> (variant) + (variant) + (variant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who is William Labov?

A

father of variationist sociolinguistics, first to define variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of variationist sociolinguistics in terms of address?

A

(nominal masculine address terms) -> (man) + (dude) + (bro)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some linguistic factors that affect language variation?

A

linguistic environment: phonological, syntactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some non-linguistic factors that affect language variation?

A

Age, Gender, Sexuality, Social class, education, context, interlocutor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are sex based patterns of variation?

A

women are ahead of men in the use of incoming linguistic forms
women are more likely to use standard language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are different linguistic studies?

A

Real time study, panel study, trend study, apparent time studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a real time study?

A

Examining one variable across time
focus on detecting change in chronological (real) time

17
Q

What is apparent time study?

A

more common, compares the speech of different age groups at one point in time
ex: younger speakers vs older speakers

18
Q

What is a panel study?

A

tracks the same people across time

19
Q

What are trend studies?

A

match age cohorts across time, but don’t use the same people

20
Q

What are Quotives?

A

verbs that introduce quote speech
Be like appears in the 1980s

21
Q

What does variationist sociolinguistic research show on gender?

A

women are ahead in the use of incoming linguistic forms
women use standard/prestigious features of language

22
Q

What are some explanations for variationist sociolinguistic research?

A

60s-80s: women use standard to compensate for less social power
2000s: women have better vocab, higher marks on verbal standardized tests and less speech disorders

23
Q

What social roles and opportunities explain the research on variationist sociolinguistic research?

A
  1. In traditional societies, men adopt new forms first
  2. In mobil groups women adopt new forms first
  3. In transitional societies, women have conservative AND innovative behaviours
    Language use must be understood relative to the social roles (mobility, education, job opportunities)
24
Q

What is socio-economic status?

A

educational level, income range, occupation type
Labov: NY r-less dialect
Trudgill: ing variable in Norwish English
difficult to distinguish between wealth and class/status

25
Q

What is standard language?

A

idealized variety, no specific region, associated with education and mass media, considered acceptable

26
Q

What is accent?

A

when speakers differ in pronounciation only
no major differences in grammar, index by speaker, due to geographic origin or social factors

27
Q

What is a dialect?

A

sub-varieties of a single language,
differ in morphosyntatic structure, vocab, pronounciation
non-linguists use this term to imply non-standard variation

28
Q

What is mutual intelligibility?

A

Differentiates between dialect and language
If two speakers can understand each other with little difficulty its typically a dialect
speaker dependent and experience plays a role

29
Q

What are the problems with mutual intelligibility?

A

some languages are mutually intelligible (ex: hindi and urdu)
some dialects are not mutually intelligible (ex: cantonese and mandarin)
must also consider: politics, culture, ethnicity

30
Q

What is regional dialectology?

A

study of regional differences in language use
Norms: isolated rural dialects and non-mobile, older rural males
originally examined traditional rural dialects because they preserved older speech features

31
Q

What is the founding research of regional dialectology?

A

1920: surveyed 600 towns with questionnaire to find regional differences
determined isoglosses

32
Q

What is an isogloss?

A

line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features
always crisscross a geographical area

33
Q

What are the causes of regional variation?

A
  1. Historical settlement patterns
  2. isolation from other groups
34
Q

What are examples of regional variation?

A
  1. newfoundland english: immigration in mid 1800s led to geographical isolation
  2. Quebec french: 1600s settlements from france, geographical isolation
35
Q

What did Laura Ford’s research on lexical variation in died in Winnipeg obituaries find?

A

variable: verbs that mean died
real time longitudinal project 1922-2022
Passed away most common, 3 periods of dominant variations: died, null variant, passed away
Reflect relationship to death and shows religious affiliation

36
Q

What did Maria Rodrigo-Tamarit’s research on “A Couple of” find?

A

investigate variation of ‘a couple of’, ‘a couple a’, ‘a couple’ in Manitoba and Alberta
‘a couple most common’, depends on birth years, term
grammaticalized over time and women use ‘a couple of’ most often as standardized variant

LING 1010 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions