Socioemotional Development - Moral Development Flashcards
Moral Development
Piaget proposed that this is necessary for moral development and that the developmental process of understanding moral standards is similar to the process of understanding game rules
cognitive development
Moral Development
list the 3 phases of moral development according to Piaget
1) premoral stage (birth to 5 years): limited understanding of rules & moral behavior
2) heteronomous stage (begins at 5 or 6 years): rules are made by authorities & cannot be changed; judgments based on consequences of behavior
3) autonomous stage (begins at 10 or 11 years): rules can be determined by agreement between people & can change; base judgments on actor’s intentions
Moral Development
list 2 major criticisms of Piaget’s theory of moral development
1) underestimates the cognitive abilities & moral understandings of young children
2) erroneously contends that moral development stops in late childhood/early adolescence
Moral Development
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development proposes 3 levels with 2 stages each and he proposed that the stages are universal & always occur in the same order and are related to the person’s level of cognitive development & what?
social perspective-taking
Moral Development
list the 3 levels and the 2 stages associated to each level of Kholberg’s theory of moral development
1) preconventional morality
* punishment & obedience stage
* instrumental hedonism stage
2) conventional morality
* good boy/good girl stage
* law & order stage
3) postconventional morality
* morality of contract & individual rights
* morality of individual principles. of conscience
Moral Development
match the descriptions to the correct stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development:
A) during this stage the acceptability of behavior is determined by whether or not it’s consistent with broad, universally applicable general principles (e.g., justice, fairness)
B) during this stage the acceptability of behavior is determined by whether or not it violates laws & rules that have been established by legitimate authorities
C) during this stage the acceptability of behavior is determined by whether or not it leads to rewards or satisfies the person’s needs
D) during this stage the acceptability of behavior is determined by whether or not it is socially approved of or liked by other
E) during this stage the acceptability of behavior is determined by whether or not it’s consistent with democratically chosen laws
F) during this stage the acceptability of behavior is determined by whether or not the behavior leads to punishment
A) postconventional morality > the morality of individual principles of conscience stage
B) conventional morality > law & order stage
C) preconventional morality > instrumental hedonism stage
D) conventional morality > good boy/good girl stage
E) postconventional morality > the morality of contract & individual rights
F) preconventional morality > punishment & obedience stage
Moral Development
list 5 criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
1) underestimates young children’s moral reasoning abilities of young children
2) too rigid & linear and doesn’t take into account children’s moral judgements may vary as a result of their current level of motivation & the current context (e.g., may exhibit stage 2 reasoning in one situation & stage 4 reasoning in another situation)
3) being androcentric (criticized by Gilligan,1982)
4) being culturally biased (esp. stages 5 & 6, which are more Westernized)
5) some arguments that how people think about hypothetical moral dilemmas is not necessarily how they think or act in response to real-life dilemmas
Moral Development
Gilligan (1982) argued that the moral judgments of males are often based on concerns related to these 2 factors, and the moral judgments of women are often based on these 2 factors
men: justice & individual rights
women: care & responsibility
Moral Development
Piaget & Kohlberg both concluded that the greatest influence on a child’s moral development is this, which is based on what assumption?
- peers (rather than parents)
- that adult-child relationships are typically characterized by adult unilateral authority (precludes discussions about moral dilemmas) and peer relationships are typically characterized by equality (allows for mutual negotiation re: moral dilemmas)
Moral Development
some research has found that this style of discipline is associated with more advanced levels of reasoning that power assertion & love withdrawal styles. Explain this style of discipline
induction style
* explaining why a behavior is wrong, with the emphasis on how the behavior affects others
