Sociocultural and Political Evolution Flashcards by Yna Milagrosa Book | Brainscape

Q

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETIES FROM THE HUNTING AND GATHERING TO THE AGRICULTURAL, INDUSTRIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND POST-INDUSTRIAL STAGES

A

SOCIOCULTURAL EVOLUTION

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Q

Happens when societies

develop new forms of economic subsistence, acquired knowledge and apply new technology.

A

SOCIOCULTURAL

EVOLUTION

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Q

“the more technology a society has, the faster it changes”

A

Gerhard Lenski

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Q

American sociologist who argued that society undergoes transformation and evolution and in the process develops technological advancement.

A

Gerhard Lenski

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Q

the oldest and most basic way of economic subsistence

A

Hunting and Gathering Societies

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Q

making use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food

A

Hunting and Gathering Societies

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Q

depend on the family to do many things

A

Hunting and Gathering Societies

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Q

most hunters and gatherers see sexes as having the same social importance (Leacock, 1978)

A

Hunting and Gathering Societies

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Q

people come close to being socially equal

A

Hunting and Gathering Societies

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Q

large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources

A

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

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Q

money was a common standard of exchange; the old barter system was abandoned

A

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

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Q

extreme social inequality; more than our modern societies

A

Horticultural and Pastoral Societies

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Q

raises men to a position of social dominance

A

Agriculture (in Horticultural and Pastoral Societies )

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Q

reinforces the power of elites

A

religion (in Horticultural and Pastoral Societies )

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Q

reinforces the power of elites

A

religion (in Horticultural and Pastoral Societies )

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Q

humans began to farm and domesticate animals

A

Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution

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Q

provided important contributions to the Neolithic people

A

Animal Domestication (in Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution)

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Q

The development of agriculture also led to an increase in social inequality

A

Agricultural Societies and the Neolithic Revolution

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Q

production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery

A

Industrial Societies

Q

operated mills and factories filled with large machines

A

Water power and steam boilers (in industrial Societies)

Q

sparked the birth of sociology because of rapid changes

A

Industrial Societies

Q

weakening of close working relationships, strong family ties, and traditional customs, values and beliefs

A

Industrial Societies

Q

production of information using computer technology

A

Post-industrial Societies

Q

production of information using computer technology with less and less of labor force

A

Post-industrial Societies

Q

at the heart of globalization

A

Post-industrial Society

Q

technology has improved life and brought the world’s people closer (except for complete peace, justice, and protected environment)

A

Post-industrial Societies

Q

Characteristics of Post-industrial Societies

A

transfer of labor workforce from manufacturing to service

significant increase in the number of professional and technical employment ;decline in the number of skilled/semi workers

education as the basis of social mobility

human capital

application of “intellectual technology”

focus is on communication infrastructure

knowledge as source of invention and innovation

Q

Four major civilizations in Political Evolution

A

Sumerian
Indus Valley
Shang
Egyptian

Q

Developments in the major civilizations

A

developed highly advanced cities

well-defined city centers

complex and systematic institutions

organized and centralized system of government

formalized and complex form of religion

job specialization

development of social classes

advance technology

system of writing and recording

Q

Role of a political leader

A

crafts laws
implement laws
impose justice and punishment 
collect taxes
acts as religious leaders as well

Q

Sumerian hierarchy

A

servants - craftsmen - officials/scribes/minor priests - high priests and nobles - Sumerian Priests

Q

Egyptian hierarchy

A

slaves - peasants - craftsmen - merchants - scribes - soldiers - government officials - Pharaoh

Q

Indus Valley hierarchy

A

untouchable outcasts/street sweepers/cleaners - Sudra/commoners/servants/peasants - Vaishya/merchants/landowners - Kshatriya/warriors/kings - Brahmin/priests

Q

Shang hierarchy

A

slaves - soldiers/artisans/merchants - peasants - state officials/nobles and scholars - king/governor - emperor

Q

Where did the Sumerian Civilization develop?

A

Along West Asia in Tigris, Mesopotamia

Q

Where did the Indus valley civilization came from?

A

India

Q

Where did the Egyptian civilization started?

A

Nile River

Q

Where did Shang civilization started?

A

China; (Huang He) Yellow River

Q

roots of corruption; funds of the city

A

Taxes

Q

Highest ranked in the Sumerian civilization

A

Sumerian Priest

Q

Highest ranked in the Egyptian civilization

A

Pharaoh

Q

Highest ranked in the Indus Valley Civilization

A

Brahmin

Q

Highest ranked in the Shang Civilization

A

King Priest

Q

people left their farmlands

A

Industrial Societies

Q

Period of permanent settlement where people developed the ability to be self-sustaining

A

Neolithic Revolution