Enculturation and Socialization Flashcards by Yna Milagrosa Book

Biological inheritance

NATURE

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Cultural Inheritance

NURTURE

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the product of social processes and social interactions through forms of socialization and enculturation

self

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Refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

SOCIALIZATION

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helps us how to judge situations and includes social roles

SOCIALIZATION

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the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary

ENCULTURATION

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GOALS OF SOCIALIZATION

Teaches impulse control; develop a conscience.

prepare and perform certain social roles.

Cultivates shared sources of
meaning and values.

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a sociological concept

self (Mead and the Development of Social Mind)

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known as one of the founders of social psychology and Chicago social tradition

George Herbert Mead

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explanation of mead’s concept which states that being not exposed or surrounded by people can affect a person’s mind development

feral child

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characterized by mead as ‘I’ and ‘Me’ in which ‘I’ is the response to ‘me’

I and Me Theory

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the response of an individual to the attitudes of others (ex. react to pain)

‘I’

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organized set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes; how you express yourself according to your age, place, and who you are with

‘Me’

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Four stage processes of self development

Imitation - gestures and sounds
Play - what is acceptable or not
Game - learn not all roles are equal
“The generalized other”

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the stage where a child takes different roles he/she observes in “adult” society and plays them to understand

Play

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child becomes to become both subject and object

play

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taking a role of everyone in a game; organizations begin and personalities emerge; personal development

game

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taking a role of everyone in a game; organizations begin and personalities emerge; personal development

game

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individual understands what kind of behavior is expected or appropriate in different social settings

“The generalized other”

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development of an individual’s distinct personality which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life

identity formation

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sum of a being’s knowledge of oneself

self concept:

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feeling of identity in group or a culture

cultural identity

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identification within an ethnicity usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry

ethnical identity

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An ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans divided into groups called a nation

national identity

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The set of beliefs and practices generally held by and individual involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals

religious identity

rule that guides a behavior of a society or a group

norms

things that exist in society independent of individuals and shape our thoughts

social facts

conforms to the norms

normal

what we perceive as normal/think should be normal regardless of what it actually is; beliefs express as directives

normative

Stating what we should not do

PROSCRIPTIVE

Stating what we should do

PRESCRIPTIVE

the social self in Mead's theory

"me"

response to the social self or me

"I"

"remaking behavior" usually done by humans around 1-2 years old

Imitation

Not considered as part of the self development process; it only imitates 'copies'

Imitation

Three true stages of development according to Mead

Imitation Play Game (4th is only the summary/general idea)

components of self concept

physical psychological social attributes

IDENTITIES UNDER IDENTITY FORMATION

Cultural Ethnic National Religious

often considered to be punishments/consequences, like legal sanctions.

Social Sanction

Refers to norms for routine and casual interaction.

FOLKWAYS

Refers to norms that are widely observed and have a great more significance

norms that structures the difference between right and wrong

Who came up with the idea of folkways and mores?

William Graham Sumner

strong negative norm; violating it results in extreme disgust

Taboo

culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful; serves as broad guidelines for social living

Values

ASPECTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF VALUE

exist at different levels of generality and abstraction tend to be hierarchically arranged are explicit and implicit in varying degrees often in conflict with others

ASPECTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF VALUE

exist at different levels of generality and abstraction tend to be hierarchically arranged are explicit and implicit in varying degrees often in conflict with others

important concepts of socialization because the behavior of the young members of society are controlled by assigning them certain status to enact

Status and Roles

"Before we can deal with anyone, we need to know who the person is."

Status and Roles

"Before we can deal with anyone, we need to know who the person is."

Status and Roles

person who defined the difference between Status and Roles

George Simmel

position in a social system (ex. teacher, doctor)

Status

TYPES OF STATUS

Ascribed | Achieved

a social position received at birth or is taken involuntarily later in life

Ascribed Status

a social position a person voluntarily takes that reflects personal identity and effort

Achieved Status

refers to the behavior expected of someone holding a status

Role

Conflict among roles connected to two or more statuses

Role Strain

results from the competing demands of two or more roles that vie for our time and energy

Role Strain

He first articulated the idea of impression management wherein individuals may improvise on the performance of their role so that they appear 'presentable'

Erving Goffman

Has bearing on the formation of a person's self-identity (impression management)

Role Manipulation

It has the power and influence to create a favorable public opinion of a particular person and can break or repair a damaged persona

Impression management

can break or repair a damaged persona

Impression management

IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT TACTICS

Behavioral Matching Self-Promotion Conforming to Situational Norms Appreciating or Flattering Others Being Consistent

target of perception matches his or her behavior to that of the perceiver; idolized personalities' behavior influences the perceiver

Behavioral Matching

target tries to present his/herself in as positive a light as possible

Self-Promotion

target follows agreed-upon rules for behavior in the organization

Conforming to Situational Norms

When the target compliments the perceiver; works best when flattery is not extreme and when it has a dimension important to the perceiver

Appreciating or Flattering Others

the target's beliefs and behaviors are consistent; Has an agreement between verbal and nonverbal behaviors

Being Consistent