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Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics > Enculturation and Socialization > Flashcards

Enculturation and Socialization Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biological inheritance

A

NATURE

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2
Q

Cultural Inheritance

A

NURTURE

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3
Q

the product of social processes and social interactions through forms of socialization and enculturation

A

self

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4
Q

Refers to a lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

A

SOCIALIZATION

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5
Q

helps us how to judge situations and includes social roles

A

SOCIALIZATION

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6
Q

the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary

A

ENCULTURATION

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7
Q

GOALS OF SOCIALIZATION

A

Teaches impulse control; develop a conscience.

prepare and perform certain social roles.

Cultivates shared sources of
meaning and values.

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8
Q

a sociological concept

A

self (Mead and the Development of Social Mind)

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9
Q

known as one of the founders of social psychology and Chicago social tradition

A

George Herbert Mead

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10
Q

explanation of mead’s concept which states that being not exposed or surrounded by people can affect a person’s mind development

A

feral child

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11
Q

characterized by mead as ‘I’ and ‘Me’ in which ‘I’ is the response to ‘me’

A

I and Me Theory

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12
Q

the response of an individual to the attitudes of others (ex. react to pain)

A

‘I’

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13
Q

organized set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes; how you express yourself according to your age, place, and who you are with

A

‘Me’

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14
Q

Four stage processes of self development

A

Imitation - gestures and sounds
Play - what is acceptable or not
Game - learn not all roles are equal
“The generalized other”

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15
Q

the stage where a child takes different roles he/she observes in “adult” society and plays them to understand

A

Play

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16
Q

child becomes to become both subject and object

A

play

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17
Q

taking a role of everyone in a game; organizations begin and personalities emerge; personal development

A

game

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17
Q

taking a role of everyone in a game; organizations begin and personalities emerge; personal development

A

game

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18
Q

individual understands what kind of behavior is expected or appropriate in different social settings

A

“The generalized other”

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19
Q

development of an individual’s distinct personality which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life

A

identity formation

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20
Q

sum of a being’s knowledge of oneself

A

self concept:

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20
Q

feeling of identity in group or a culture

A

cultural identity

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21
Q

identification within an ethnicity usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry

A

ethnical identity

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22
Q

An ethical and philosophical concept whereby all humans divided into groups called a nation

A

national identity

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23
Q

The set of beliefs and practices generally held by and individual involving adherence to codified beliefs and rituals

A

religious identity

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24
Q

rule that guides a behavior of a society or a group

A

norms

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25
Q

things that exist in society independent of individuals and shape our thoughts

A

social facts

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26
Q

conforms to the norms

A

normal

27
Q

what we perceive as normal/think should be normal regardless of what it actually is; beliefs express as directives

A

normative

28
Q

Stating what we should not do

A

PROSCRIPTIVE

29
Q

Stating what we should do

A

PRESCRIPTIVE

30
Q

the social self in Mead’s theory

A

“me”

31
Q

response to the social self or me

A

“I”

32
Q

“remaking behavior” usually done by humans around 1-2 years old

A

Imitation

33
Q

Not considered as part of the self development process; it only imitates ‘copies’

A

Imitation

34
Q

Three true stages of development according to Mead

A

Imitation
Play
Game

(4th is only the summary/general idea)

35
Q

components of self concept

A

physical
psychological
social attributes

36
Q

IDENTITIES UNDER IDENTITY FORMATION

A

Cultural
Ethnic
National
Religious

37
Q

often considered to be punishments/consequences, like legal sanctions.

A

Social Sanction

38
Q

Refers to norms for routine and casual interaction.

A

FOLKWAYS

39
Q

Refers to norms that are widely observed and have a great more significance

A

MORES

40
Q

norms that structures the difference between right and wrong

A

MORES

41
Q

Who came up with the idea of folkways and mores?

A

William Graham Sumner

42
Q

strong negative norm; violating it results in extreme disgust

A

Taboo

43
Q

culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful; serves as broad guidelines for social living

A

Values

44
Q

ASPECTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF VALUE

A

exist at different levels of generality and abstraction

tend to be hierarchically arranged

are explicit and implicit in varying degrees

often in conflict with others

44
Q

ASPECTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF VALUE

A

exist at different levels of generality and abstraction

tend to be hierarchically arranged

are explicit and implicit in varying degrees

often in conflict with others

45
Q

important concepts of socialization because the behavior of the young members of society are controlled by assigning them certain status to enact

A

Status and Roles

46
Q

“Before we can deal with anyone, we need to know who the person is.”

A

Status and Roles

47
Q

“Before we can deal with anyone, we need to know who the person is.”

A

Status and Roles

48
Q

person who defined the difference between Status and Roles

A

George Simmel

49
Q

position in a social system (ex. teacher, doctor)

A

Status

50
Q

TYPES OF STATUS

A

Ascribed

Achieved

51
Q

a social position received at birth or is taken involuntarily later in life

A

Ascribed Status

52
Q

a social position a person voluntarily takes that reflects personal identity and effort

A

Achieved Status

53
Q

refers to the behavior expected of someone holding a status

A

Role

54
Q

Conflict among roles connected to two or more statuses

A

Role Strain

55
Q

results from the competing demands of two or more roles that vie for our time and energy

A

Role Strain

56
Q

He first articulated the idea of impression management wherein individuals may improvise on the performance of their role so that they appear ‘presentable’

A

Erving Goffman

57
Q

Has bearing on the formation of a person’s self-identity (impression management)

A

Role Manipulation

58
Q

It has the power and influence to create a favorable public opinion of a particular person and can break or repair a damaged persona

A

Impression management

59
Q

can break or repair a damaged persona

A

Impression management

60
Q

IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT TACTICS

A

Behavioral Matching

Self-Promotion

Conforming to Situational Norms

Appreciating or Flattering Others

Being Consistent

61
Q

target of perception matches his or her behavior to that of the perceiver; idolized personalities’ behavior influences the perceiver

A

Behavioral Matching

62
Q

target tries to present his/herself in as positive a light as possible

A

Self-Promotion

63
Q

target follows agreed-upon rules for behavior in the organization

A

Conforming to Situational Norms

64
Q

When the target compliments the perceiver; works best when flattery is not extreme and when it has a dimension important to the perceiver

A

Appreciating or Flattering Others

65
Q

the target’s beliefs and behaviors are consistent; Has an agreement between verbal and nonverbal behaviors

A

Being Consistent

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics (7 decks)

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