Socio-historical Notes Flashcards

Question

What do the British Olympic association do?

Answer 1

Works with NGBs to select team GB Delivers extensive support to team GB and their NGBs Runs an Olympic medical institute Provides an Olympic training centre

Answer 2

Organisations with the responsibility for the overall development of a specific sport

Answer 3

Select performers with WCPP Appoint performance directors to oversee elite development Train high level performance coaches

Answer 4

Overall responsibility for the development of community sport in England

Answer 5

'Excel' part of the overall strategy Works with NGBs to improve talent ID systems Developed the 'coaching for young people' initiate with the youth sport trust Assesses NBGs whole sport plans and provided finance/grants to try and achieve them

Answer 6

Introduction to activity through school pe Recreational play 'Come and try it' sessions No commitment

Answer 7

Regular performer at school or club level Committed to the activity in terms of time or resources

Answer 8

Striving to fulfil potential Seeking progression County/regional level

Answer 9

Elite level Professional performer Virtually full time activity

Answer 10

World class podium World class development World class talent

Answer 11

Capable of winning medals at he next Olympics, therefore within the next 4 years

Answer 12

Typically six years away from winning medals, he next wave after podium

Answer 13

Performers who have to potential to progress to the next two levels

Answer 14

It rewards sports on the basis of how well they meet their medal targets. If a sport fails to meet its target funding will be reduced.

Answer 15

There are limited resources and these must be spent as effectively as possible - it is not prepared to reward failure.

Answer 16

As well as centralised support, developing elite performers can receive subsistence allowances for personal living and training costs - usually £500.

Answer 17

The government provides money to UK sport to develop sport participation and performance. This money is raised from general taxation.

Answer 18

A government funded programme - a partnership between sport and higher education. TASS provides 16-24 year olds with services such as coaching, sports medicine, lifestyle support etc while they are in education. It also provides support for competition and training expenses - this can be up to £3000 a year.

Answer 19

The national lottery distributes funds to sport as 1 of its 4 'good causes'. Since 1995, sport has received £3.5bn in lottery funding.

Answer 20

Money to support sports excellence from businesses.

Answer 21

Behaviour that falls outside the norms or outside what is deemed to be acceptable.

Answer 22

Behaviour that is outside the norm but with no intention to harm or break the rules.

Answer 23

Overtraining leading to injury Striving to win within the rules and etiquette and without intent, causing injury to another player

Answer 24

Behaviour that goes against the norm and has a detrimental effect on individuals and on society in general.

Answer 25

Using performance enhancing drugs Being bribed to influence the outcome of a match Hooliganism/player violence Financial irregularities in the transfer of players

Answer 26

Deviant behaviour that is not acceptable in wider society but may be deemed to be acceptable by those involved in a sub-culture.

Answer 27

When rugby players use their fists in the scrum - in the rules of rugby this is deemed acceptable but would be illegal if in wider society.

Answer 28

Individual players lack the moral restraint to keep a code of conduct Individuals may value winning above the loss of respect or punishment that may occur Deviant behaviour may have become less socially unacceptable NGBs may feel less able to punish deviant behaviour due to fear if being taken to court by the performer.

Answer 29

Genetic inheritance predisposing some people towards aggression Frustration can predispose people to aggression Loss of self identity - following the crowd Social learning - imitating the actions of a respected role model whose aggression has been reinforced in some way The importance of the event Pain Provocation from opposition

Answer 30

Ensure officials are supported with their decisions when dealing with player violence Punish players post-match Use post-match video evidence Uphold players with a good disciplinary record as role models Train officials in player management Use fair play awards to reward clubs with a good disciplinary record

Answer 31

Set a good example themselves Establish a clear code of expectation and conduct Punish players who fail to meet these codes Praise players who set a good example Ensure players who have a low flash point are kept away from high stress situations Train players in stress management Avoid win at all costs attitude

Answer 32

Be exposed to good role models from a young age Receive a set of expectations that are in accordance with the rules, ethics and conduct of a sport Understand their own level of arousal and how to reduce frustration Use stress management techniques

Answer 33

The behaviour of those who engage in unruly, destructive or violent acts, often linked to supporters of professional football.

Answer 34

Racist chanting Vandalism and destruction of property Interference with the match Violence against other hooligan and non hooligan groups

Answer 35

Importance of the game e.g. darbys Pre match media hype Acts as an outlet for young working class makes who feel restricted by society Tension on pitch - violence of players towards one another can act as triggers to fans Poor crowd control Alcohol Poor officiating

Answer 36

Control of alcohol e.g. not selling in grounds Prevention of known hooligans from travelling to matches Segregation of fans All seater stadiums Improve crowd control - police, CCTV etc High profile role models appealing for better supporter behaviour Play matches behind closed doors Responsible media coverage

Answer 37

Fan violence may lead to poor treatment of legitimate fans and supporters Individuals who are injured as a result of deliberate violence may have their careers and therefore livelihoods disrupted. Huge costs in terms of policing matches etc Reputation of a club/country can be affected by disorderly behaviour of fans Can have a negative effect on international morale If a rents believe a sport is likely to put their child in contact with violence the are less likely to put them into it.

Answer 38

Lack moral and ethical boundaries May believe everyone else is doing it so they can't win unless they do too They lack the physical attributes to get to the tip without the use of drugs Rewards of winning may seem worth the risk May not be aware of it - I.e. Giving control of diet etc to coach Receive wrong guidance/bad role models when young Pressured by coaches Not fully aware of the long term Heath risks

Answer 39

Improved testing regimes for drug tests on performers Education of young performers in the case against drug use NGBs re doing more to educate performers about health consequences Efforts are being made to ensure all performers are clear about testing regime Many sports now demand performer is available at any time of day for a drug test and must inform NBG of whereabouts Severity of punishment increased Use of positive role models to encourage drug free sport Efforts being made to achieve a more consistent approach to drug testing among countries

Answer 40

World anti-doping agency Responsible for promoting, coordinating and monitoring the fight against drugs in sport Introduced a work anti doping code which provides framework for anti doping policies, rules and regulations Promotes research into the detection of drugs and provides a list of banned substances Helps poorer nations with limited facilities to test performers

Answer 41

National anti-doping organisation (in UK) Will determine which sports are required to provide whereabouts of performers Missed tests and filing failures will count as a strike - 3 strikes over an 18 month period will mean an anti doping violation has possible been committed Will lead to a sanction of 1-2 years suspension

Answer 42

Drug testing is expensive and time consuming Detection of drug use if often ineffective anyway In some countries, testing is not as effective as in others - unfair Drug testers are always behind developers - will be able to use new drugs undetected for a while Line between what is a drug and nutritional supplement can be hard to define Improved performance - will make sport more exciting

Answer 43

The permanently damaging side effects for health are known and inevitable If PEDs became legalised it would be assumed you couldn't succeed without them - pressure to take Development of PEDs is expensive Seen to be unethical It's clearly cheating - goes against what sport is about

Answer 44

The body of legislation, case law and precedence that applies to a sport

Answer 45

The ruling by the European court of justice giving a professional player the right to a free transfer at the end of their contract.

Answer 46

Illegal betting within sport Bribery Match fixing Drug use Violence

Answer 47

Employment protection - right to a free transfer Players within the EU have the right to work anywhere in the EU without restriction The right to appeal against allegations Equal opportunities - drugs, violence, discrimination etc banned Prevents match fixing Sponsorship/contracts

Answer 48

Officials are open to investigation if it is thought they have been bribed Officials have a duty of care - if a players injured and its a result of poor officiating allowing a dangerous situation to occur, the ref may be liable for prosecution

Answer 49

Spectators just act within the law and with regard for their own safety and the safety of others Invasion of playing surfaces, foul language and racist chants eye can be dealt with under various public order acts

Answer 50

Sportsmanship FairPlay Character

Answer 51

Conforming to the rules, spirit and etiquette of a sport

Answer 52

Allowing all participants an equal chance to achieve victory and acting towards all performers in an honest, straightforward and dignified manner even when other do not play fairly.

Answer 53

Refers to those values and habits that determine the way that a person normally responds to fears, challenges, failures and success.

Answer 54

'Bending the rules' - often seen as time wasting in some sports

Answer 55

Returning ball to opposition after an injury break Clapping the opposition after losing Exhausting yourself in the effort to win Lending the opposition a player if they are short Admitting fouls

Answer 56

Arguing with the referee Appealing for a throw when you know it's not yours Deliberately fouling to prevent good performance Diving in a game to gain a foul Using drugs

Answer 57

The treating of sport as a commodity, involving the buying and selling of assets, with the market as the driving force behind sport.

Answer 58

The link between sports events, the media and sponsorship by business

Answer 59

Demonstration of skill strength and physical fitness Well matched competition Demonstration of aggression and or physical challenge Visual spectacle with detail available Uncomplicated rule structure Fits into reasonable time scale Traditional Ease of televising

Answer 60

Provides results, tables and fixtures Provides entertainment Aids sponsorship Creates role models Draws attention to top level sport Provides an advertising service for sport and business Raised profile of a sport - more people want to get involved

Answer 61

Coverage limited to a few male sports Highlights personalities rather than team effort Possibility of boredom due to saturation of coverage Minority sports suffer due to lack of interest Loss of tradition Performer become a commodity More pressure on coaches, officials and performers

Answer 62

The sponsors name and product is given publicity A performers popularity and prowess can reflect favourably on the product The sponsor is associated with supporting the community/country Sponsorship reduces the amount of tax payed by a company

Answer 63

Sports are expensive to run - extra money Sport is promoted through extra publicity Sponsorship helps create an atmosphere at events Sports are better organised Improved facilities benefit performer and spectators

Answer 64

Sport becomes associated with the product - this may not be desirable Sponsors gain control over organisation of the sport Financial interdependence between media and large sporting events Team selection may be affected

Answer 65

The success of the team or individual The popularity of the sport Media coverage Participation levels in the sport The suitability of the sport for the product

Answer 66

Promises individuals and teams Facilitates improvement of performer Allows development of better facilities Attracts high class performers Generates additional media interest Helps create an atmosphere at events

Answer 67

Attention is mainly on high profile teams/individuals Product association is an intrusion into sport Sponsors can gain too much control over a sport Sponsor may influence choice of performer Sponsors can give a bad image to sport

Answer 68

Brings sports and sponsors together Ensures companies receive a fair return on their investment Try to preserve the traditional nature of sport

Answer 69

Use of instant replay and other high tech aids to help officials Accurate timing devices e.g. in swimming Video cameras - performance analysis Hawk eye technology can trace the flight of the ball Improved equipment e.g. prosthetic limbs, lighter shoes, carbon fibre bikes, hot pants to keep muscles warm. Artificial surfaces

Answer 70

Better equipment, facilities etc improves performance Digital recordings/player analysis can improve performance Improves decision making of officials Allows spectators to view game better and se height levels of performance High level performance attracts sponsors/raises the profile of the sport

Answer 71

Equipment more expensive - gives some an advantage Tracking of player/ball movement etc means tactics can be shared with other teams Replay etc can undermine officials and out them under more pressure Takes away a talking point for spectators Does it get rid of the skill? Changes the nature of the sport

Answer 72

Local, often rural Unstructured Few/simple unwritten rules Violent - many injuries Based on force not skill Played only occasionally - festivals/holidays

Answer 73

Set rules - codification Officials Improved facilities/equipment Less violent Regular fixtures Spectator based

Answer 74

Urbanisation - less space for mob games Reduction of working hours - increased time for matches Improved transport - easier access to events Improved communication - increased awareness of events Creation of governing bodies - leagues/codification Factory/church teams - local opportunity for spectators Emergence of Middle class - encouraged better social morals

Answer 75

As a means of providing the boys with discipline

Answer 76

Took their rules/games to the universities and armed forces where they established sports clubs Influential members of leading clubs became involved in codification Led to formation of NGBs

Answer 77

High status in sport/society Best players in most sports MC/UC controlled WC Sufficient time/money to play without being paid

Answer 78

Paid to play Broken time payments Low status - class divide

Answer 79

Tend to be of lower status Some high level performers in non professional sports Some amateurs receive payment for training expenses

Answer 80

Extremely high status Paid by results Highly skilled

Answer 81

Competing in the spirit of sportsmanship with the emphasis on taking part rather than winning

Answer 82

Promote friendship, international harmony and understanding Performers were amateurs (not paid) and played within the rules, laws and etiquette of a sport

Answer 83

Doves of peace Intertwined Olympic Rings - international harmony Athletes Olympic oath

Answer 84

Media coverage has increased the earning potential of successful athletes Countries spend millions of pounds on bringing their competitors to the highest level Countries need to achieve sporting success to sustain interest and finance the games

Answer 85

An unwritten code whereby performers agree to strive against each other to win.

Answer 86

An expectation of how the opposition will play; it is assumed they will play within the rules, with appropriate ethics and sportsmanship.

Answer 87

Try their best Show sportsmanship Respect the rules and officials

Answer 88

Gender Race Disability Social class

Answer 89

When women are discriminated against as a result of the stereotypical views of the strengths and qualities of women in sport

Answer 90

Less social status - acts as a disincentive Women have had to legally battle to be allowed to larticip ate in some sports Media portrayal of female performers often focuses on factors other than performance Less media coverage - knock on effect in gaining sponsorship Some who have developed their physique/strength have had sexuality called into question by the media

Answer 91

Existence of high profile role models who are members of certain communities encourages others from these communities to take up the activity. Some young people from ethnic groups may be pressured to undertake certain activities based on the mistaken belief that they have a genetic advantage

Answer 92

Only approx. 9% of people with a disability larticip ate regularly in sport Lack of media coverage even of top events such as Paralympics - leads to lower levels of sponsorship Some media coverage focuses on the adversity that disabled athletes have to overcome rather than their sports performance/achievement

Answer 93

Some activities are associated with a specific social class, e.g. golf see as Middle class, individuals from other groups may feel they will be discriminated against if they try and engage in the activity Individuals from lower socio economic groups may have less leisure time available