Socio-Emotional Development Flashcards
What is the stage in Erikson’s theory that goes from 0- 18 months of life?
Trust vs. Mistrust
What is the dilemma that children face in the Trust vs Mistrust stage?
whether to trust others.
Who is the main influence in the stage Trust vs Mistrust?
The main caregiver or parent, usually the mother
What is the stage in Erikson’s theory that goes from 18 months to 3 yrs of life?
Autonomy vs. doubt
Who is the main influence in the stage Autonomy vs. doubt?
parents and caregivers
What is the dilemma that children face in the Autonomy vs. doubt stage?
they want to become more independent and need flexibility from parents to feed themselves, clothe themselves, etc.
What is the stage in Erikson’s theory that goes from 3 to 6 yrs of life?
Initiative vs guilt
Who is the main influence in the stage Initiative vs guilt?
parents, teachers, caregivers
What is the dilemma that children face in the Initiative vs guilt stage?
to follow their initiative. Overly strict parents who punish children for their initiative will make the child feel guilty
What is the stage in Erikson’s theory that goes from 6 - 12 yrs of life?
industry vs inferiority
Who is the main influence in the stage industry vs inferiority?
teachers, peers
What is the dilemma that children face in the industry vs inferiority stage?
to feel capable in their abilities
What is the stage in Erikson’s theory that goes from 12-18 yrs?
Identity vs role confusion
Who is the main influence in the stage Identity vs role confusion?
peers
What is the dilemma that people face in the Identity vs role confusion stage?
finding one’s identity
What is the stage in Erikson’s theory that corresponds to young adulthood?
intimacy vs isolation
What is the dilemma that children face in the intimacy vs isolation stage?
finding a significant other, a life partner
Who is the main influence in the stage intimacy vs isolation stage?
romantic partners
What is the stage in Erikson’s theory that corresponds to middle adulthood?
Generativity vs. self absorption
What is the dilemma that children face in the Generativity vs. self absorption stage?
helping the next generation
Who is the main influence in the stage Generativity vs. self absorption stage?
relationships with own children, students, mentees
What is the stage in Erikson’s theory that corresponds to late adulthood?
Integrity vs. Despair
What is the dilemma that children face in the Integrity vs. Despair stage?
was their life worthwhile?
What is the main influence in the stage Integrity vs. Despair stage?
accomplishments, failures, limitations, etc.
What are some characteristics of Piaget’s stage of heteronomous morality?
following and belief of inflexible rules that do not change. Belief that misbehavior will always be punished.
What are some characteristics of Piaget’s stage of autonomous morality?
importance of intention in judging whether something is right or wrong, acceptance that others have different points of view,
Piaget’s stage of autonomous morality is linked with which stage of his cognitive development theory?
Formal operations
Piaget’s stage of heteronomous morality is linked with which stage of his cognitive development theory?
concrete operational
What are the 3 levels of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory?
preconventional, conventional, postconventional morality
What are the stages of Kohlberg’s preconventional morality?
Rules are set by others
stage 1: punishment determines whether it is right or wrong
stage 2: what is right is what satisfies own needs
What are the stages of Kohlberg’s conventional morality?
individual adopts rules if group they belong to
stage 1: good behavior is what pleases or helps others
stage 2: right is doing one’s duty and helping maintain social order
What are the stages of Kohlberg’s postconventional morality?
each person defines what is right or wrong based on ethical principles they have decided to follow
stage 1: what is right is defined by a balance between individual rights. They have been agreed on by many but can be changed for the good of everyone.
stage 2: what is right is defined by each person based on tehir conscience. ethical principles are abstract not specific commandments or rules.
define prosocial behaviors
behaviors that have the intention of helping others
What are Marcia’s 4 states?
foreclosure, diffusion, moratorium, achievement
