Behaviorism Flashcards
What are behavioral learning theories
explanations of learning that emphasize observable changes in behavior
What is an unconditioned stimulus and give an example
a stimulus that naturally evokes a particular response. Example: seeing delicious food makes one salivate
Define unconditioned response
a behavior that is prompted automatically by a stimulus
define neutral stimulus
a stimulus that causes no response in particular
define conditioned stimulus
a previously neutral stimulus that has been conditioned to elicit a particular reponse
What are consequences?
pleasant or unpleasant conditions that follow behaviors in order to change their frequency
Define classical conditioning
An automatic type of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by an unconditioned stimulus, Both stimuli were paired together and over time the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus.
What type of conditioning is illustrated?
Classical
What type of conditioning is illustrated?
Operant
What are the main types of consequences?
positive and negative reinforcement
presentation and removal punishment
When teachers use carefully directed contingent rewards to change a behavior in students, this is called…
shaping
What is ABA (applied behavior analysis)?
the systematic application of behaviorist principles in educational and therapeutic settings; sometimes called behavior modification, behavior therapy, or contingency management
What is extinction?
The gradual dissapearance of an acquired response. Also review the term extinction burst.
A consequence that brings about the increase of a behavior throught removal (rather than the presentation) of a desired stimulus is called…
negative reinforcement
What is reinforcement?
the act of following a particular response with a reinforcer and thereby increasing the frequency of the response
Types: positive and negative
A consequence that decreases the frequency of the response it follows is called..
a punishment
What is the premack principle?
a phenomenon in which students do less-preferred activities in order to engage in more-preferred activities
define modeling
imitating someone else’s behavior
What is the difference between observational learning and vicarious learning?
observational= learning by imitating others
vicarious= learning by seeing others being reinforced
What is self reinforcement?
Rewarding ourselves for appropriate behaviour or attaining a goal
