Cognitive Science

Question 1

Define informational processing theory

Answer 1

cognitive theory of learning that describes the processing, storage and retrieval of knowdlege in the mind

Question 2

What are executive functions?

Answer 2

management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution

Question 3

What are sensory registers

Answer 3

also: sensory memory. component of the memory system that receives information and holds it for short periods of time. first stop for information

Question 4

What is the first stop for information?

Answer 4

sensory memory

Question 5

How long does sensory memory hold information?

Answer 5

1-3 secs

Question 6

Define perception

Answer 6

the interpretation of what information we recieved

Question 7

We are biologically set to pay attention to certain stimuli, such as…

Answer 7

loud noises, contrast, movement

Question 8

Define attention

Answer 8

active focus on certain stimuli by ignoring other stimuli

Question 9

Short term memory is also known as

Answer 9

working memory

Question 10

What does it mean that WM is limited in capacity?

Answer 10

it can hold 5-9 things at a time

Question 11

what does it mean that WM has limited duration?

Answer 11

Information can be lost with distraction and passage of time. It is fragile.

Question 12

For how long can working memory (WM) hold information?

Answer 12

5-30 sec

Question 13

Name 2 components of WM

Answer 13

phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketchpad

Question 14

Define reherasal

Answer 14

repetition of information to remember it later, to keep it in WM

Question 15

What is the phonological loop?

Answer 15

phonological loopis one of the central components of the working memory model. It represents a brief store of verbal information.

Question 16

what is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

Answer 16

central component of WM. brief storage of what we see

Question 17

Define retroactive inhibition

Answer 17

when previously learned information is lost because it is mixed up with new information

Question 18

Define proactive inhibition

Answer 18

when new information cannot be learned because of old information in LTM. the old information interferes with the learning of the new, similar information.

Question 19

Define proactive facilitation

Answer 19

previously learned information can help new, similar information. Example: knowing Spanish can help learn Italian

Question 20

What is an example of retroactive facilitation?

Answer 20

When learning something new helps understand better something we already new. Example: knowledge of Latin helps understand English.

Question 21

Give an example of a semantic memory

Answer 21

The official language of Mexico is Spanish; Charles Chaplin was an actor. (facts)

Question 22

Give an example of an episodic memory

Answer 22

my 10th birthday party, my wedding (I lived it).

Question 23

Give an example of a procedural memory

Answer 23

handwriting, riding a bike (knowing how)

Question 24

People tend to remember the 1st things presented (first items on a list for example). What is this called?

Answer 24

primacy effects