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Socio-economic Development Flashcards

1
Q

What does socioeconomic status refer to?

A

Socioeconomic status refers to the social status (determined by education, place of residence, and the prestige of the occupation) and the income that people can generate for themselves.

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2
Q

How is the socioeconomic development of a country measured?

A

The socioeconomic development of a country is measured by GDP (gross domestic product), life expectancy, level of education, and the occupations in the society.

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3
Q

What significant changes did Malta experience after gaining independence?

A

After gaining independence, Malta saw significant changes in its economic sectors, education, GDP, life expectancy, and population.

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4
Q

What were the educational reforms in Malta during the British period?

A

During the British period, educational reforms included the establishment of primary schools, teacher training, and the creation of the Department of Education.

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5
Q

When did education become compulsory for all students in primary schools in Malta?

A

Education became compulsory for all students in primary schools in Malta in 1946.

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6
Q

What was the plan for secondary education in Malta after independence?

A

After Malta became independent in 1964, the plan was to provide secondary education for all by 1970.

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7
Q

What economic sectors became major employers in Malta after 1964?

A

After 1964, the secondary and tertiary sectors (manufacturing and tourism) became major employers in Malta.

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8
Q

Why did the Maltese government invest in educational institutions after 1964?

A

The Maltese government invested in educational institutions to train students in trades related to the new economic sectors.

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9
Q

When was the Institute for Tourism Studies (ITS) established in Malta?

A

The Institute for Tourism Studies (ITS) was established in Malta in 1987.

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10
Q

What significant changes occurred in Malta’s economy in the 1990s and 2000s?

A

In the 1990s and 2000s, Malta worked on EU accession, joined the European Union in 2004, adopted the Euro currency in 2008, and shifted its economy towards the service industry, focusing on I-gaming and financial sectors.

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11
Q

How has the literacy rate in Malta changed from the 1980s to the 2000s?

A

The literacy rate in Malta increased from 86.93% in the 1980s to 94.94% in the 2000s.

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12
Q

XWhat factors contributed to the increase in life expectancy in Malta?

A

Factors contributing to the increase in life expectancy in Malta include advancements in technology, education, and resources, as well as greater awareness of healthy lifestyles.

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13
Q

What is the Human Development Index (HDI) and what does it measure?

A

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of socially sustainable development?

A

The purpose of socially sustainable development is to secure equal opportunities for people, achieve fundamental rights and basic conditions of life, and ensure participation in decision-making in society.

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15
Q

What are some global social sustainability issues mentioned in the text?

A

Global social sustainability issues include population growth, poverty, food, health, gender equality, and education.

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16
Q

What are the 17 sustainable development goals associated with?

A

The 17 sustainable development goals are associated with having a society that supports social progress, such as no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, and reduced inequalities.

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17
Q

Why is socio-economic development important for a society?

A

Socio-economic development is important for a society because it provides better access to education and resources, which can help address social issues like discrimination and improve the overall functioning of the economy.

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18
Q

How is gender equality linked to socio-economic development in Malta?

A

Gender equality is linked to socio-economic development in Malta through the progress in education and human rights, allowing all human resources to contribute to the workplace and society. The process began when women gained the right to vote in 1947 and has been strengthened over the years.

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19
Q

What progress has been made in education to support socio-economic development in Malta?

A

Progress in education in Malta includes the application of neurodivergent teaching practices in schools and the development of adequate human resources for the workforce, which supports socio-economic development.

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20
Q

What are the five sectors of the Maltese economy?

A

The five sectors of the Maltese economy are the primary sector (farming and fishing), the secondary sector (manufacturing), the tertiary sector (service sector), the fourth sector (research and development), and the fifth sector (executive jobs).

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21
Q

What activities are included in the primary sector of the economy?

A

The primary sector includes activities such as agriculture (harvesting of fruit and vegetables), forestry, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, quarrying, and aquaculture (fish farms).

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22
Q

Why is fishing in Malta considered seasonal?

A

Fishing in Malta is considered seasonal due to quotas that limit the amount of fish that can be caught, making it a less significant contributor to the economy.

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23
Q

What is the significance of quarrying in Malta?

A

Quarrying in Malta is significant for extracting materials used in construction, such as globigerina limestone for building houses and apartments.

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24
Q

How did Malta’s economy shift after independence in 1964?

A

After independence in 1964, Malta’s economy shifted towards manufacturing and the service industry, moving away from reliance on the primary sector.

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25
What was the impact of the British military expenditure on Malta's economy before independence?
Before independence, Malta's economy heavily relied on British military expenditure, which contributed significantly to its GDP. The economy had to adapt and shift focus after the British left in 1979.
26
What does the secondary sector involve?
The secondary sector involves the manufacturing of goods from raw materials.
27
What activities are associated with the secondary sector?
Activities associated with the secondary sector include metalworking and smelting, automobile production, textile production, the chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, energy utilities, breweries and bottlers, construction, and shipbuilding.
28
How did the secondary sector in Malta develop during the 1950s and 60s?
During the 1950s and 60s, the secondary sector in Malta developed as the country was preparing for independence from the British. The Maltese government initiated the first development plan to encourage foreign and local entrepreneurs to build factories and enterprises in Malta.
29
What changes occurred in Malta's secondary sector during the 1970s?
In the 1970s, Malta's secondary sector expanded significantly, focusing on the textile industry and later on technology-based industries. The government nationalized banks and financed companies like Air Malta and Sea Malta, and expanded the dockyard to create more jobs.
30
Why did the Maltese government introduce the Business Promotion Act?
The Maltese government introduced the Business Promotion Act to encourage local businesses to export more items to other countries, as locally produced textiles and furniture were not competitive due to the phasing out of import restrictions.
31
What happened to the dockyard in Malta, and when did it close?
The dockyard in Malta, which was running on government subsidies, could not generate much profit and eventually closed in 2010.
32
What were some of the industries that the Maltese government invested in during the 1970s?
The government invested in various industries including media communications, banking, health care, restaurants, and hotels.
33
What changes occurred in the Maltese economy during the 1980s?
Many companies started to be privatized, such as the Mid-Med Bank (now HSBC) and Maltacom (today's GO). This allowed the industry to diversify and the third sector of the economy to grow in importance.
34
How did Malta's economy diversify after joining the European Union in 2004?
The economy focused more on developing tourism, transportation, remote gaming, and financial services, which expanded the services sector significantly.
35
What are the differences between market and non-market services in Malta?
Differences between market and non-market services in Malta: • Market services are usually provided by private companies and organizations, while non-market services are provided by the government free of charge, financed by taxes paid by Maltese citizens.
36
What are the three main pillars of the Maltese economy according to the National Statistics Office (NSO)?
Public service, private service (tourism industry), and manufacturing.
37
What activities are associated with the quaternary sector in Malta?
The quaternary sector includes activities such as government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology.
38
How has the quaternary sector impacted education in Malta?
Educational institutions are required to equip students with the necessary skills to participate in the workforce related to the quaternary sector, such as ICT and digital technology skills.
39
What is the quinary sector, and what roles does it include?
The quinary sector includes the highest levels of decision-making in society or the economy. This sector involves top executives or officials in fields such as government, science, universities, nonprofits, health care, culture, and the media.
40
How are the different economic sectors in Malta interrelated?
The economic sectors in Malta are interrelated, meaning that the functioning of one sector often depends on the others. For example, the primary sector provides raw materials that the secondary sector processes into final products, which are then sold by the tertiary sector.
41
Give an example of how the primary and secondary sectors are connected in Malta.
An example is how raw materials such as fish or vegetables are sold to restaurants and hotels (tertiary sector) to provide services to customers. The primary sector extracts these raw materials, and the secondary sector processes them.
42
What are the main challenges Malta faces due to its small size?
Malta faces challenges such as limited resources and space, which means its economy depends heavily on importing goods from other countries.
43
Which countries are the main sources of Malta's imported goods?
Malta imports goods from countries like Italy, the UK, South Korea, and Turkey.
44
What are some of the main products that Malta exports?
Malta exports products such as refined petroleum, fish, and medical equipment to countries like the United States, China, Italy, the UK, Germany, and France.
45
How did Malta's strategic location influence its history in the 19th and 20th centuries?
Malta's strategic location in the middle of the Mediterranean made it a valuable asset for the British, who used it as a fortress. This strategic importance influenced Malta's history as a British colony.
46
What significant political changes occurred in Malta from 1964 to 1979?
Malta gained independence in 1964, became a republic in 1974, and achieved full freedom from British rule in 1979, marking significant strides in its political development.
47
What is importation and exportation, and how do they differ?
Importation is when a country receives products that were produced in another country. Exportation is when an item is produced in one country and then sent to other countries.
48
Why does Malta depend heavily on importing goods?
Due to its small size and limited resources, Malta's economy relies significantly on importing goods from other countries to meet its needs.
49
What are some of the main goods that Malta imports and exports?
Malta imports fuels, raw materials, foodstuffs, semi-manufactures, mineral fuels, machinery, transport equipment, and chemicals. It exports refined petroleum, fish, and medical equipment.
50
Which countries are Malta's main import partners?
Malta imports goods primarily from Italy, the UK, South Korea, and Turkey.
51
What significant economic developments occurred in Malta in the 21st century?
Malta joined the European Union in 2004, which was a significant step in its economic development. This accession process began in the 1990s and marked a major milestone in Malta's integration into the European economy.
52
What are some negative impacts of industrial estates on the environment and health?
Industrial estates can lead to habitat destruction for animals, poor air quality due to factory emissions and traffic, loud noises from cars and machines, and increased carbon dioxide levels.
53
How do industrial estates contribute to poor air quality?
The presence of numerous factories and heavy traffic in industrial zones leads to the emission of pollutants, which degrade air quality.
54
What are the main elements of Maltese culture?
The main elements of Maltese culture include language, traditions, norms/values, and religion.
55
Which colonizers have influenced Malta's history and culture?
Malta has been influenced by various colonizers, including the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, Swabians, Angevins, Aragonese, the Knights of St. John, the French, and the British.
56
How has Malta's history of colonization impacted its language?
The Maltese language has been significantly influenced by the various cultures and languages of its colonizers, resulting in a unique linguistic blend.
57
What is considered the backbone of the Maltese language?
The Semitic part (Arabic) is considered the backbone of the Maltese language.
58
Which languages have influenced the Maltese language over time?
Maltese has been influenced by Romance languages (mainly during the Norman and Knights of St. John periods) and Anglo-Saxon (English) since Malta became a British colony in 1814.
59
How has the English language influenced Maltese?
The English language has significantly influenced Maltese, especially since Malta became a British colony. English remains very influential in Malta today.
60
What is the most prominent religion in Malta, and who influenced it?
The most prominent religion in Malta is Catholicism, which was mainly influenced by the Knights of St. John, who built many of the churches in Malta.
61
How do historical events influence Maltese traditions and celebrations?
Historical events and religion have instilled in the Maltese people the need to celebrate patron saints in each locality, as well as political triumphs such as Independence Day, Republic Day, and Freedom Day. Additionally, media influence has introduced new traditions like Halloween and the commercialization of Valentine's Day and Christmas.
62
Why is Malta considered a multicultural society today?
Malta is considered multicultural due to the presence of people from various countries with different religions and cultural backgrounds, contributing to the diverse cultural landscape.
63
How have contemporary leisure activities in Malta changed compared to traditional ones?
Traditional leisure activities were more centered around the local environment and religion. Contemporary leisure activities now include social gatherings in commercial areas like Sliema and St. Julian's, and the use of digital technology for streaming movies and TV series.
64
What are some of the cultural influences on Malta due to its history of colonization?
Malta's culture has been influenced by various colonizers, including the Arabs, Italians, and British. This is evident in the Maltese language, architecture, art, music, religion, education, and norms.
65
How has religion influenced the way of life in Malta?
Religion has historically informed social behavior and imparted values such as solidarity, care, and respect. Even though secularization is increasing, religious feasts like Christmas and Easter remain significant cultural events.
66
How did people traditionally watch films or plays before the advent of modern technology?
Traditionally, people needed to go to the theater to watch films or plays. Now, they can stay at home and invite friends to watch a film.
67
How has social media impacted the leisure activities of young Maltese people?
Many young Maltese people spend a lot of their time on social media platforms, which has become a significant part of their leisure activities.
68
How has social media impacted the leisure activities of young Maltese people?
Many young Maltese people spend a lot of their time on social media platforms, which has become a significant part of their leisure activities.
69
How was the radio used during the First World War?
The radio was used for direct communication to pass on information to the public, including local and international news, traffic, and weather conditions. It was also used for entertainment purposes like music and podcasts.
70
What were the primary forms of media used during the First World War?
The primary forms of media used during the First World War were radio and newspapers.
71
What is the significance of newspapers in the context of media history?
Newspaper are the oldest form of media, making them the first communication tool for the public. They continue to be a significant source of information, with daily publications like the Times of Malta and international newspapers available digitally.
72
Why is television considered more influential than radio?
Television is considered more influential than radio because it allows people to see events and people in real time, making it easier to follow drama shows, comedy series, and live events. It projects culture more efficiently through images and live video.
73
How does mass media influence society?
Mass media has the potential to inspire people to pursue careers, take action on social issues, and adopt norms and values based on what they see and hear. Journalists have the responsibility to report factual and useful stories to keep the public informed.
74
How has television evolved over time in the context of news broadcasting?
Television has evolved from traditional news broadcasts to incorporating the internet and social media, significantly changing how people consume news.
75
What role does social media play in modern news consumption?
Social media platforms have become a primary source of information for many people, especially the younger generation, allowing instant access to news and events globally.
76
What are some of the national television channels in Malta?
Malta, national television includes TVM, along with alternative channels like ONE television (Labour party channel) and NET television (Nationalist party channel).
77
How has the consumption of news and entertainment changed with the rise of American and British channels?
People in Malta now consume more news and entertainment from American and British channels, including various streaming services, broadening their exposure to global content.
78
Why is social media considered an effective platform for advertising?
Social media is effective for advertising because it allows businesses to reach a global audience instantly and target ads based on users' interests and personal data.
79
What is the most crucial function of mass media?
The most crucial function of mass media is to educate and inform the public on matters that concern them.
80
How does mass media provide entertainment?
Mass media provides entertainment through movies and television series, allowing individuals to escape from everyday life
81
Why is it important for mass media to provide accurate information?
Accurate information is essential because it allows people to make educated decisions, such as voting for representatives during elections.
82
How does mass media act as a secondary agent of socialization?
Mass media acts as a secondary agent of socialization by exposing individuals to information about different cultures and ideas, influencing their values and beliefs.
83
How is mass media useful for businesses?
Mass media is useful for businesses as it allows them to showcase products or services to a wide audience, reaching various demographics.
84
What are some examples of popular social media platforms mentioned in the text?
Examples of popular social media platforms mentioned include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat.
85
How do social media platforms link international and local markets?
Social media platforms link international and local markets by providing a space for businesses to market their products and services to a global audience, increasing sales both locally and internationally.
86
In what way do social media platforms serve as a source of entertainment?
Social media platforms serve as a source of entertainment by allowing users to share stories, watch videos, and use streaming services to watch movies and
87
How do people use social media to share their lives with others?
People use social media to share their lives by posting updates, photos, and videos, allowing friends and family to stay connected and engaged with their daily activities.
88
Why is social media considered an important part of our lives?
Social media is considered important because it provides necessary information and education, helps with socialization by teaching about different cultures and perspectives, and serves as a tool for marketing and entertainment.

Social Studies (4 decks)

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