Socio-economic Development Flashcards
What does socioeconomic status refer to?
Socioeconomic status refers to the social status (determined by education, place of residence, and the prestige of the occupation) and the income that people can generate for themselves.
How is the socioeconomic development of a country measured?
The socioeconomic development of a country is measured by GDP (gross domestic product), life expectancy, level of education, and the occupations in the society.
What significant changes did Malta experience after gaining independence?
After gaining independence, Malta saw significant changes in its economic sectors, education, GDP, life expectancy, and population.
What were the educational reforms in Malta during the British period?
During the British period, educational reforms included the establishment of primary schools, teacher training, and the creation of the Department of Education.
When did education become compulsory for all students in primary schools in Malta?
Education became compulsory for all students in primary schools in Malta in 1946.
What was the plan for secondary education in Malta after independence?
After Malta became independent in 1964, the plan was to provide secondary education for all by 1970.
What economic sectors became major employers in Malta after 1964?
After 1964, the secondary and tertiary sectors (manufacturing and tourism) became major employers in Malta.
Why did the Maltese government invest in educational institutions after 1964?
The Maltese government invested in educational institutions to train students in trades related to the new economic sectors.
When was the Institute for Tourism Studies (ITS) established in Malta?
The Institute for Tourism Studies (ITS) was established in Malta in 1987.
What significant changes occurred in Malta’s economy in the 1990s and 2000s?
In the 1990s and 2000s, Malta worked on EU accession, joined the European Union in 2004, adopted the Euro currency in 2008, and shifted its economy towards the service industry, focusing on I-gaming and financial sectors.
How has the literacy rate in Malta changed from the 1980s to the 2000s?
The literacy rate in Malta increased from 86.93% in the 1980s to 94.94% in the 2000s.
XWhat factors contributed to the increase in life expectancy in Malta?
Factors contributing to the increase in life expectancy in Malta include advancements in technology, education, and resources, as well as greater awareness of healthy lifestyles.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI) and what does it measure?
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living.
What is the purpose of socially sustainable development?
The purpose of socially sustainable development is to secure equal opportunities for people, achieve fundamental rights and basic conditions of life, and ensure participation in decision-making in society.
What are some global social sustainability issues mentioned in the text?
Global social sustainability issues include population growth, poverty, food, health, gender equality, and education.
What are the 17 sustainable development goals associated with?
The 17 sustainable development goals are associated with having a society that supports social progress, such as no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, and reduced inequalities.
Why is socio-economic development important for a society?
Socio-economic development is important for a society because it provides better access to education and resources, which can help address social issues like discrimination and improve the overall functioning of the economy.
How is gender equality linked to socio-economic development in Malta?
Gender equality is linked to socio-economic development in Malta through the progress in education and human rights, allowing all human resources to contribute to the workplace and society. The process began when women gained the right to vote in 1947 and has been strengthened over the years.
What progress has been made in education to support socio-economic development in Malta?
Progress in education in Malta includes the application of neurodivergent teaching practices in schools and the development of adequate human resources for the workforce, which supports socio-economic development.
What are the five sectors of the Maltese economy?
The five sectors of the Maltese economy are the primary sector (farming and fishing), the secondary sector (manufacturing), the tertiary sector (service sector), the fourth sector (research and development), and the fifth sector (executive jobs).
What activities are included in the primary sector of the economy?
The primary sector includes activities such as agriculture (harvesting of fruit and vegetables), forestry, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, quarrying, and aquaculture (fish farms).
Why is fishing in Malta considered seasonal?
Fishing in Malta is considered seasonal due to quotas that limit the amount of fish that can be caught, making it a less significant contributor to the economy.
What is the significance of quarrying in Malta?
Quarrying in Malta is significant for extracting materials used in construction, such as globigerina limestone for building houses and apartments.
How did Malta’s economy shift after independence in 1964?
After independence in 1964, Malta’s economy shifted towards manufacturing and the service industry, moving away from reliance on the primary sector.
What was the impact of the British military expenditure on Malta’s economy before independence?
Before independence, Malta’s economy heavily relied on British military expenditure, which contributed significantly to its GDP. The economy had to adapt and shift focus after the British left in 1979.
What does the secondary sector involve?
The secondary sector involves the manufacturing of goods from raw materials.
What activities are associated with the secondary sector?
Activities associated with the secondary sector include metalworking and smelting, automobile production, textile production, the chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, energy utilities, breweries and bottlers, construction, and shipbuilding.
How did the secondary sector in Malta develop during the 1950s and 60s?
During the 1950s and 60s, the secondary sector in Malta developed as the country was preparing for independence from the British. The Maltese government initiated the first development plan to encourage foreign and local entrepreneurs to build factories and enterprises in Malta.
What changes occurred in Malta’s secondary sector during the 1970s?
In the 1970s, Malta’s secondary sector expanded significantly, focusing on the textile industry and later on technology-based industries. The government nationalized banks and financed companies like Air Malta and Sea Malta, and expanded the dockyard to create more jobs.
Why did the Maltese government introduce the Business Promotion Act?
The Maltese government introduced the Business Promotion Act to encourage local businesses to export more items to other countries, as locally produced textiles and furniture were not competitive due to the phasing out of import restrictions.
What happened to the dockyard in Malta, and when did it close?
The dockyard in Malta, which was running on government subsidies, could not generate much profit and eventually closed in 2010.
What were some of the industries that the Maltese government invested in during the 1970s?
The government invested in various industries including media communications, banking, health care, restaurants, and hotels.
What changes occurred in the Maltese economy during the 1980s?
Many companies started to be privatized, such as the Mid-Med Bank (now HSBC) and Maltacom (today’s GO). This allowed the industry to diversify and the third sector of the economy to grow in importance.
How did Malta’s economy diversify after joining the European Union in 2004?
The economy focused more on developing tourism, transportation, remote gaming, and financial services, which expanded the services sector significantly.
What are the differences between market and non-market services in Malta?
Differences between market and non-market services in Malta:
• Market services are usually provided by private companies and organizations, while non-market services are provided by the government free of charge, financed by taxes paid by Maltese citizens.
