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A Level PE > Socio-Cultural Studies > Flashcards

Socio-Cultural Studies Flashcards

1
Q

What time period was popular recreation in?

A

1066 - 1850

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2
Q

What was the period of time between 1066 - 1850 also known as?

A

Pre-Industrial Britain

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3
Q

How did popular recreation appeal to the different genders?

A
  • Almost exclusively played by men

- Nature demonstrating a sense of perceived masculinity

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4
Q

How did popular recreation appeal to law and order?

A
  • Harsh living conditions

- Violence a key factor

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5
Q

How did popular recreation appeal to education and literacy?

A
  • Illiterate meaning no set rules
  • Simple and concise rules
  • High levels of violence due to games having no rules
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6
Q

How did popular recreation appeal to availability of time?

A
  • Sport was only played on holy days and holidays due to long hours which was irregular in nature
  • All sport was localised
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7
Q

How did popular recreation appeal to availability of money?

A
  • Those who had more money could wager on lower classes

- Gave lower classes a chance to win money

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8
Q

How did popular recreation appeal to availability of transport?

A
  • Not very good meaning localised sport which was not far away
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9
Q

What did the Industrial Revolution mean for the evolution of sport?

A
  • Saw the emergence of the middle class e.g. Factory Owners, Doctors
  • Middle class wanted to better themselves with public schools
  • Popular recreation adapted to rational recreation
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10
Q

What is rational recreation?

A
  • Ideal for the nineteenth-century middle class reformers

- Sport became rule based, regional, respectable and clearly defined positions

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11
Q

Name 5 characteristics of rational recreation.

A
  • Regional/National/International
  • Fair play
  • Amateurism/Professionalism
  • Elitist
  • Codification
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12
Q

How did rational recreation appeal to the social class?

A
  • Lower class were professionals
  • Upper class were amateurs
  • Lower class = performers, Middle class = managers/agents, Upper class = supporters
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13
Q

How did rational recreation appeal to the different genders?

A
  • Women’s participation was limited as it was ‘improper’
  • Women regarded as physically weaker
  • Middle class women sometimes played lawn tennis
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14
Q

How did rational recreation appeal to law and order?

A
  • Society less violent = sport less violent
  • Refinement of the rules
  • Literacy improved meaning more written rules
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15
Q

How did rational recreation appeal to availability of time?

A
  • Increase in working hours due to industrialisation
  • Less participation in sport
  • Half day Saturday
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16
Q

How did rational recreation appeal to availability of money?

A
  • Increase in wages allowed for more participation

- Transport affordable

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17
Q

How did rational recreation appeal to the availability of transport?

A
  • Railways introduced

- Leagues and tournaments introduced

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18
Q

What is the specification for the emergence and evolution of modern sport?

A
  • Public school influence
  • Increased organisation
  • Promotion of ethics
  • ‘Cult’ of athleticism
  • Spread of games ethics
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19
Q

How did public school influence sport?

A
  • Took sports from local towns and villages back to the schools
  • Began to develop
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20
Q

How did public schools promote and organise sports and games?

A
  • Schoolmasters believed that sports would help to develop the character of schoolboys
  • Form of social control
  • Inter house competitions
  • Encourage teamwork
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21
Q

Define athleticism.

A

A combination of physical endeavour, trying hard, moral integrity, being honourable, truthful and showing good sportsmanship.

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22
Q

Who were the NGB and did they do?

A

The National Governing Body gave structure to sports and improved standards.

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23
Q

How did the evolution of modern sport appeal to money, transport and time?

A
  • Increased free time meant disposable money spectating
  • Transport to travel to games improved as railways improved
  • Entertainment (Radio/Early TV) reached masses
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24
Q

How did the evolution of modern sport appeal to different social classes?

A
  • Amateurs in cricket and rugby mainly played by middle class (some working class)
  • 20th century working class still accounted for the majority of professional sport
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25
Q

How did the evolution of modern sport appeal to education?

A
  • Introduction of the Education Act of 1944
  • Grammar Schools
  • Secondary Modern
  • Secondary Technical
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26
Q

What did grammar schools entail?

A
  • Aged 11 to 19

- Most academically gifted children

27
Q

What did secondary modern schools entail?

A
  • Four year courses
  • English, Languages, Geography, History, Maths, Science, Drawing, PE, Manual
  • Work after education
28
Q

What did secondary technical schools entail?

A
  • Anyone who failed their 11+ exam

- Less popular

29
Q

How did the evolution of modern sport appeal to the different genders?

A
  • Women were allowed to play more sport

- The FA for women was established in 1964

30
Q

How did the evolution of modern sport appeal to law and order?

A
  • Cruel sport disappeared
  • Codes of conduct introduced
  • More disciplined
31
Q

Where was the first Olympic games held?

A

Olympia, Greece

32
Q

When was the modern Olympic games established and who was it founded by?

A

1896, Baron Pierre de Coubertin

33
Q

What are the aims of the Olympic games?

A
  • Create international goodwill
  • Promote development of physical and moral qualities
  • Bring athletes together
  • Educate young people through sport
34
Q

What is the BOA?

A

The British Olympic Association was founded in 1905 and is in charge of organising and coordinating British Olympic and Winter Olympic teams alongside Team GB.

35
Q

What are the 7 Olympic values?

A
  • Respect
  • Excellence
  • Friendship
  • Courage
  • Determination
  • Inspiration
  • Equality
36
Q

What is the International Olympic Committee responsible for?

A
  • ‘Olympic Movement’

- Selecting host cities

37
Q

When did the Paralympics first take place and who was the main target?

A
  • 1960, Rome

- WW11 veterans

38
Q

What are the Paralympic values?

A

D - determination
I - inspiration
C - courage
E - equality

39
Q

What are the 5 main Olympic games that were significant in some way?

A 
1936, Berlin - Third Reich
1968, Mexico City - 'Black Power'
1972, Munich - Palestinian Terrorism
1980, Moscow - USA Boycott
1984, LA - Soviet Union Boycott
40
Q

How has 21st Century sport appealed to different social classes?

A
  • 0.7/10 people attend private schools
  • 4/10 medal winning Olympians were educated privately
  • Male participation equal in upper and working classes
  • Female participation is lower in working class than in upper and middle class
41
Q

Define social mobility.

A

The change in wealth, education and jobs through sport

42
Q

How has 21st Century sport appealed to law and order?

A
  • Hooliganism a real problem especially in football
43
Q

What are the positives about hosting sporting events?

A
  • Raise profile of sport
  • New and upgraded sporting venues
  • More focus on minority sports
  • Increase in funding for sports
  • Increase in sponsorship and commercial income
44
Q

What are the negatives about hosting sporting events?

A
  • Current trend in participation is gradually declining
  • Facilities no longer used
  • Lesser-known non-global sports may suffer
  • Sports deviance (hooliganism)
45
Q

What are the positives of social impacts on sport?

A
  • Pride
  • Improved facilities
  • Improved transport
  • Accommodation and other facilities can be used
46
Q

What are the negatives of social impacts on sport?

A
  • Some areas do not receive the same benefits

- Local residents may have to vacate during events

47
Q

What are the positives of economic impacts on sport?

A
  • Increase income
  • More jobs
  • Increased tourism
  • Commercial benefits
48
Q

What are the negatives of economic impacts on sport?

A
  • Bidding can be expensive
  • Event costs more
  • Long term jobs aren’t available
  • Sponsors/funding effected
49
Q

What are the positives of political impacts on sport?

A
  • Political parties gain credit
  • United country
  • ‘Shop window’ effect
50
Q

What are the negatives of political impacts on sport?

A
  • Cost
  • Terrorist attack
  • Hosts poor performance
  • Protests
51
Q

What is blood doping and what is the process involved?

A
  • Increases persons red blood cell count
  • The more red blood cells, the higher the volume of haemoglobin
  • More oxygen
  • 2 pints of blood taken from the body and frozen until competition when it is injected back in
52
Q

What are the side effects of blood doping?

A
  • Increased blood viscosity
  • Increased risk of heart attack
  • Pulmonary embolism (blood clot)
  • Cerebral embolism
  • Stroke
  • Infections and risk of blood born diseases
  • Allergic reaction
53
Q

What are the advantages of legal supplements?

A
  • Creatine supplements intend to help you train for longer and increase performance during high intensity exercise
  • Energy drinks that contain electrolytes such as sodium help the body to store water
  • Dietary supplements can build muscle
54
Q

What are the disadvantages of legal supplements?

A
  • Can contain banned substances
  • May not just contain what is on the packet
  • Long-term health implications
  • Energy drinks high in sugar
  • Not in spirit of fair play
  • Purist argument
55
Q

Name some of the reasons why elite performers use illegal drugs.

A
  • Tremendous amounts of pressure
  • Affects judgements and decision making
  • Pressure
  • Influence
  • Political pressures
  • Monetary rewards
  • Social ‘norms’
56
Q

What are the consequences of using illegal and legal supplements?

A
  • Death and health implications
  • Illegal method scandals taint the sport
  • Sponsors reluctant
  • Society seen as corrupt
57
Q

Name some of the strategies to stop illegal drugs.

A
  • WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency)
  • List of banned substances
  • Legalisation?
  • Education surrounding all drugs and supplements
  • Culture of drug free sport
  • Punishments
  • Stripped of medals and awards
58
Q

Name forms of deviance.

A
  • Match fixing
  • Spot fixing
  • Bribery
59
Q

What is UK Sport?

A

Organisation whose aim is the development of the UK’s sportsmen and sportswomen. Funded jointly by the government and the National Lottery.

60
Q

What are the roles of UK Sport?

A
  • Develop top class coaches
  • Running of talent identification programme
  • Promotion of campaigns
  • Development of acclimatisation
  • Development of high performance training facilities
61
Q

Who do UK Sport fund?

A
  • National Governing bodies (NGB)

- Athlete Performance Award (APA)

62
Q

What is the Talent Identification Programme?

A

A programme made up of 4 phases in which performers are categorised to decide who has potential to be professional.

63
Q

What does phase 1 of the Talent Identification Programme state?

A
  • Range of physical and skill based tests

- In depth analysis of each athletes training and performance history

64
Q

What do phases 2 and 3 of the Talent Identification Programme state?

A
  • Functional movement screening
  • Medical screening
  • Psychological tests

A Level PE (5 decks)

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