Society: Family & Marraige Flashcards
Define: Society Social groups Kinship Norms Values Mores
Society: A group of people who share a common way of life
Social groups: so groups of people within society who share a common purpose: primary (small+permanent relationships) , secondary
Kinship: Apple relationship that exists between relatives
Norms: The normal pattern/behaviours in society e.g. manners
Values: The attitude/beliefs held by society regarding what is right+ wrong
Mores: The norms/values/customers that are considered important in a society
Socialisation and Status Define: Socialisation Culture Role Status
Socialisation: The process whereby individuals learns appropriate values norms/behaviour/social skills in order to behave in an acceptable manner in society (primary-fam, secondary)
Culture: societies way of life incl. language customs norms etc pased through generations
Role: The expected pattern of behaviour of an individual according to their status/position in society e.g. judges should be fair/impartial
Status: demand respect shown to an individual by others (ascribed: given at birth eg. Royal fam) (achieved: gained through achievements eg. Education qualification)
Grouping and changes in society Define: Social-economic grouping Social mobility Social institution Social change
Social-economic grouping: The classification of individuals according to their economic/social position in relation to others based on income/education/occupation
Social mobility: the movement of people between social-economic groups
Social institution: organised social arrangements found in many societies eg. Fam
Social change: change that take place in a society due to major developments eg. Changes in technology, nation events (Brexit), law reform (same sex marriage)
Define a family and the 3 types
A group of people related to each other by blood, marriage or adoption
- Orientation: born into
- Procreation: adoption
- Family of Affinity/Choice: with/without legal/blood ties, feel like family
What are the structures and characteristics of families?
Nuclear: parents+kids: small,mobile,egalitarian roles, self-sufficient economically
One parent: parent+kid: 86% headed by female, live w/parents, social welfare
Extended: parents+kids+others:
Classic: blood, marriage, adoption, same house/close
Modified: separated geographically, large, immobile, economically codependent, historically segregated roles+patriarchal style
Blended: parents+kids from their/previous relationships: size increases, conflict between step siblings/parents, absent biological parent, finjancisl strain
What are the historical developments of Irish families from
Pre-industrial, Post industrial and Modern Day?
Structure
- extended fam (norm) same roof/close
- rural extended fam to urban nuclear fam to cities for employment
- nuclear fam (norm) + new types (social acceptance)
Marriage
- arranged, economic benefit, Young bride + dowry
- romance, closer couples fulfilling needs
- secular, culture change, accepting cohabiting, separation etc
Size+Children
- large (7-9) no contraception, kids=economic asset
- smaller(4-6) decreased Catholic Church influence
- smaller (1.4) secular + women in establishing careers
Roles
- patriarchal men worked, women at home+submissive
- segregated roles: womens rights improved=more say+education
- egalitarian roles w/finance, housework, childcare etc
What are the Social, Economic and Technological changes that occurred in Irish families?
Social
- Roles of women: 3rd level edu+work+opportunities=less kids,duel incomes, roles reversed
- same sex marriage: children and family relationship act 2015, marriage act 2015 = children can have 2 same sex parents
Technological
- automated household appliances: quick+efficient=increased leisure
- communication eg. FaceTime =closer bonds w/fam around world
- entertainment eg. Netflix influences pass times = reduce physical activity, family bonding
Economic
- Economy: 2015 recession: 15% unemployment-5% 2019= increased duel income, reduced job seekers allowance + social welfare = less stress one parent/low income from state benefits
- high cost of living: top 10 most exp. country, family budget, little disposable income= stress(marital breakdown) fewer kids(high childcare)duel income fams increased(sufficient incomes)
What are the five functions of the family and how does the state support providing these functions?
Physical: basic needs+safe environment, procreation+human race survival
State support: social welfare, children+fam agency (Tusla)
Emotional:caring home, healthy mental health, self esteem, relationship ideas = fit into future society
State support: HSE parenting courses eg. HSE community mothers programme (disadv. areas)
Economic: support children til self-sufficient 18/23 (full time edu), one/both parents work to fulfil function
State support: social welfare eg. Back to school allowance
Social: environment to learn acceptable social behaviours to fit into society+act as agent of social control eg. teach morals, manners
State support: state-funded preschools (hidden curriculum teachers respect+following rules=produces workers) judicial system(lawbreaking)
Educational: primary educator til 5, passes fam norms, values etc, stimulating praising encouraging environment eg. Jigsaws, parents monitor school
State support: Early Childhood care scheme, free education w/ special support eg. SNA
What are the variations of marriage that exist today?
Minimum age: 18 Ireland, restrictions differ in each country(10 Sudan)
Location (cultural variations): patrilocal residence(proximity of husbands extended family), matrilocal(…wife’s extended fam), neolocal (live separately from both fam in neutral location
Choice of partner: religious restraints, arranged (India caste system-class structure at birth), consanguinity+affinity marriage band in Ireland
Number of spouses:
-monogamy(form that allows person to have 1 husband/wife) western culture, bigamy=criminal offence, serial monogamy(remarrying+separating)
-Polgamy(involves more than one partner)
~polygyny: man w/2+ wives: patriarchal more wives=wealthier eg. African,Mormon communities, Islam
~polyandry: vice versa: rare, poor agriculture communities eg. Marquesas(more men than women), Tibetan(fraternal polyandry)
What are the rights and responsibilities of a marriage in Ireland?
- Cohabit together + keep company
- Sexual relations during marriage
- Show commitment: remain faithful/loyal
- Provide financial support for dependant spouse(Family Law Act 1976)
- Share joint guardianship of children+meet needs(go into care)
- Inherit estate (valuables) spouse dies (Succession Act 1965)
Define marriage and the legal requirements for marriage in Ireland?
- social and legally acceptable union between two person without distinction as to their sex, with exclusion of all others
- over 18, not closely related(affinity+consanguinity), mental capacity(understand nature of marriage,not drunk), voluntary basis(not against their will), free to marry(not married/widowed), 3 months notif(priest/civil registrar), registered venue(church/registered place), wedding registration(signed+witnesses)
What is divorce and the grounds needed for one
-introduced 1996 (Family Law (divorce) Act)
-Decree of divorce terminates marriage+spouses can remarry (cannot be reversed)
Grounds:
-live apart for 4/5 previous years
-no possible reconciliation between spouses
-adequate provision made for children, dependant fam
Why is marital breakdown increasing and what are the effects of it
-socially acceptable, easier to obtain, women financially independent, social welfare one parent, social problems: stress
Society: increases houses needs, one-parent fam, fam reliant on social welfare eg. One parent family payment
Children: guilty+feel responsible=behavioural/emotional problems= lonely, rejected from absent parent
Spouses: guilt/struggle to pay bills/lower income+living standards= poor self worth
What is nullity, the two types, the grounds and effects
-Court declaration that marriage is null/void + no valid marriage ever existed
Church: couples in church/ legally still married(no legal standing)
Legal: civil ceremonies/church /required to remarry+avoid bigamy
Grounds: one parter-under18, legally married/non-observance of formal requirements/ normal marital relationship cannot be achieved
Effects: parter free to marry(Succession act 1965), no legal entitlements if they die
What are Factors that effect marriage stability and ways to help it + Mediation benefits
Factors: young age/maturity, no financial support, social problems, lack of communications
Counselling: prevents separation of both couples if both couples attend + problems have not advanced
Mediation: state-funded makes arrangements eg. Home, children, presence of impartial mediator
Benefits: encourages decisions, communications, avoids kids involvement, come to term w/separation
