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Henry VII, 1485-1509 > Society > Flashcards

Society Flashcards

1
Q

What was society like at the end of the 15th century ?

A
  • very layered

- little had changed from the feudal system

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2
Q

Which groups of people made up the most of society ?

A

-Landowners and senior churchmen

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3
Q

What group of people did society witness the growth of ?

A
  • Bourgeoisie

- Became increasingly important in London and Bristol

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4
Q

What was the impact of the Black death on 15th century society?

A
  • Increased economic pressures
  • Increased social mobility
  • Created alarm amongst conservative upper classes, who were attempting to uphold traditional values.
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5
Q

What did upper classes pass to uphold traditional values ?

A
  • Sumptuary Laws

- Regulated how people should dress, depending on their social status

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6
Q

What was the nobility’s importance depended on ?

A

Their landownership

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7
Q

What were peerage families ?

A
  • Members of nobility
  • Died out on a regular basis but were replaced by those who bought the kings favour
  • Crown relied on them for maintenance of order in countryside
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8
Q

Which two nobles did Henry VII trust ?

A
  • Earl of Oxford

- Lord Daubney

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9
Q

What was Bastard Feudalism (Retaining) ?

A
  • Key to the nobles power
  • Nobles recruited people (retainers) for services
  • Included accounting and military
  • Retainers might have received rewards
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10
Q

Why didn’t Henry like Bastard Feudalism ?

A
  • Could be used against the crown

- Could be used to bring unlawful influence on others in a court case

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11
Q

What was Henry cautious about with retaining ?

A

-Loyal retainers were essential to maintain the Crown’s security

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12
Q

What laws were passed against Retaining ?

A
  • 1486- MP’s required to take an oath against legal retaining or being illegally retained
  • 1487- law against retaining
  • 1504- licenses for retaining, ordained by king in person
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13
Q

Who was fined for illegal retaining and how much ?

A
  • Lord Bergavenny
  • 1506
  • £100,000
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14
Q

What was the role of the Gentry ?

A
  • Great landowners
  • Sought knighthoods
  • Made up JP’s
  • Not a fixed caste
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15
Q

How many knights were there in 1470 ?

A

375 knights 1470

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16
Q

Who was the most important member of the gentry ?

A

-Sir Reginald Bray

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17
Q

How much land did peers and knights own ?

A

15-20% of the country’s land

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18
Q

What was the role of Churchmen ?

A
  • Church was a great landowner
  • Religion was important
  • Higher clergy like bishops, abbots or larger religious houses were important figures in politics
  • Henry appointed bishops who had legal training
19
Q

How did the Gentry vary ?

A
  • Higher gentry has knighthood, coat of arms and lots of income
  • Lower gentry were like yeomen
20
Q

Who were the two most important Churchmen ?

A
  • John Morton

- Richard Fox

21
Q

Where was the king reluctant to appoint men from ?

A

-Aristocratic backgrounds

22
Q

What was the top level of Commoner’s ?

A
  • Middling Sort
  • The Bourgeoisie
  • Educated professionals (lawyers)
  • Considerable influence
23
Q

What was the lower level of Commoner’s ?

A
  • Shopkeepers
  • Skilled tradesmen
  • Dominated town councils
  • Played key role in guilds
24
Q

What was the role of Yeomen ?

A
  • Farmed substantial properties for an increasingly sophisticated market economy
  • Had small amount of land
25
Q

What was the role of husbandmen ?

A
  • Kept smaller farms than yeomen

- Supplemented their income through employment by yeomen or gentry

26
Q

What was the role of labourers ?

A
  • Dependant for income on the sale of their labour

- Provided irregular income

27
Q

What Regional Divisions were there ?

A
  • Line across Teemouth to Weymouth- 3/4 of population lived below this line
  • South and East of Line- Mixed Farming
  • North and West- Pastoral Farming
28
Q

Why were Londoners and Northerners jealous of one another ?

A
  • Londoners looked down upon northerns for their perceived savagery
  • Northerners envious of southern riches
29
Q

How was Regional Identity reinforced by local government structures ?

A
  • Justice administered at a county level
  • County towns contained jails and churches
  • Saints Cults placed importance on centres of pilgrimage such as Canterbury and Durham
30
Q

What was Patronage ?

A
  • Gave positions of power, titles and land
  • Result of good and loyal service
  • Not bestowed lightly
31
Q

Who did Henry award Patronage to ?

A
  • Those who supported him at and before Bosworth
  • Earl of Oxford
  • Jasper Tudor
  • Reginald Bray
  • Giles Daubney
32
Q

What was Order of the Garter ?

A
  • Significent honour for King’s closest servants

- Gave prestige but not power

33
Q

How many Order of the Garter’s did Henry create ?

A

-37 Knights of the Garter created

34
Q

Who did Henry award Order of the Garter to ?

A
  • Earl of Oxford
  • Reginald Bray
  • Giles Daubney
35
Q

Which two chancellors retained their position in the King’s Council for the longest ?

A
  • John Morton
  • William Warham
  • Others include: Bray, Daubney and Thomas Lovell
36
Q

What did a position as the King’s Councillor show?

A
  • Sign of the King’s confidence
37
Q

How was the Great Council used as a form of Control for the King ?

A

-Nobles couldn’t criticise the King for a policy, if they were included and had agreed

38
Q

What was Acts of Attainder ?

A
  • Loss of land and title
  • Passed 138 times
  • Can be reversed for good behaviour
39
Q

Who received Acts of Attainder ?

A
  • Thomas Howard (earl of surrey)
  • Fought for Richard III at Bosworth
  • Imprisoned and attained
  • Took oath of allegiance and his title was restored
40
Q

What were Bonds and Recognisances ?

A
  • Bond was a written agreement in which people promised to pay a sum of money
  • If they failed to carry out promise
  • Recognisance was an acknowledgement of a debt that existed
41
Q

Who received Bonds and Recognisances ?

A
  • Marquis of Dorset

- Recognisances of £100,000

42
Q

How many families gave bond and or recognisance to Henry during his reign ?

A

-36/62 families gave bond and or recognisances to Henry during his reign

43
Q

What were Fuedal Dues ?

A
  • Henry asserting his feudal rights over the nobility
  • Warship- taking control of estates of minors and collecting profits till they were old enough
  • Profit from arranged marriages
44
Q

Who was fined for marrying without the King’s license ?

A
  • Duchess of Buckingham

- Fined £7000

Henry VII, 1485-1509 (6 decks)

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