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Henry VII, 1485-1509 > Foreign Policy > Flashcards

Foreign Policy Flashcards

1
Q

Who were Henry VII’s children ?

A 
Arthur (1486)
Margaret (1489)
Henry (1491)
Mary (1496)
Edmund-Died in childhood
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2
Q

What were the problems with succession ?

A
  • Arthur died in 1502
  • Dynasty now depended on Henry VII living long enough until his son Henry was old enough to rule
  • Fears of people like the Duke of Buckingham (descendant of Edward III) attempting to seize the throne
  • Henry VII died in 1509
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3
Q

What were the Aims of Henry’s Foreign Policy ?

A
  • Ensure national security
  • Recognition of the Tudor dynasty abroad
  • Defence of English trading interests
  • Maintain good relations
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4
Q

What were Henry’s Foreign Policy aims dictated on ?

A
  • Lack of money
  • Circumstances surrounding his succession
  • Maintaining credibility as a king by building positive relationships
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5
Q

Who were the main superpowers at this time ?

A
  • France
  • Burgandy + HRE
  • Spain
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6
Q

What caused the Breton Crisis ?

A
  • Charles VIII, King of France
  • Invaded Brittany
  • 1487
  • French were to gain full control of Brittany
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7
Q

Why did Henry summon parliament in 1489 regarding the Breton Crisis ?

A
  • Parliament to grant him extraordinary revenue

- To raise an army against the French

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8
Q

Why did Henry help Brittany ?

A
  • Was exiled there in his youth, felt obliged to help
  • Feared direct control of Brittany would increase potential French threat to England
  • French helping Warbeck
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9
Q

What was the Treaty of Redon ?

A
  • Between England and Brittany
  • 1489
  • England agreed to support Breton independence
  • England would send 6000 men to defend Brittany from French threat (paid by duchess Anne)
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10
Q

Who did Henry make an alliance with during the Breton Crisis ?

A
  • Maximillain (HRE)

- Contracted to marry Anne

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11
Q

Why did Maximilian lose interest in the Breton Crisis ?

A
  • English army went to Brittany
  • Anne decided to marry Charles VIII
  • Maximillian lost interest
  • Henry stranded
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12
Q

Why did Henry launch an invasion on France late in the season in 1492 ?

A
  • Knew Charles VII was interested in an invasion on Italy
  • So would end conflict early
  • French sought a peace settlement
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13
Q

What was the Treaty of Etaples 1492 ?

A
  • Between England and France
  • Charles VIII agreed to withdraw support for pretenders
  • France pay regular pension of 745 golden crowns
  • French pay cost of Henry’s military intervention
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14
Q

How was the Breton Crisis a success for Henry ?

A
  • Able to defend national and dynastic interests
  • Improved financial position
  • Showed strength out of a weak position
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15
Q

What were the Italian wars ?

A
  • France invaded Italy in 1494
  • Henry didnt want to enter war
  • Spain and HRE urged Henry to join against France
  • This was dangerous and costly
  • Henry joined Holy League after pressure but refuses to declare war on France to maintain good trade links
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16
Q

What was England’s problem with Scotland ?

A
  • James IV offers hostility to Perkin Warbeck
  • He receives pensions
  • Is marries to a rich Scottish heiress- Lady Catherine Gordon
17
Q

What was the Treaty of Ayton 1497 ?

A
  • Truce with James IV after Cornish Rebellion
  • Both leaders saw destruction of rebellion
  • Did not want this to be repeated
18
Q

What year was Warbeck executed ?

A

-1499

19
Q

What was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace 1502 ?

A
  • Between Henry and James IV
  • Agreed to end warfare between Scotland and England
  • Marriage between James IV and Henry’s daughter Margaret was agreed
20
Q

How were Henry’s relations with Scotland a success ?

A
  • Improvement in relations lasted until the end of Henry’s reign
  • Successful in ensuring the security of his dynasty
  • Ensured national security
21
Q

What was the Treaty of Medina Del Campo ?

A
  • With Spain
  • Neither side would help each others rebels
  • Would help defend each other if attacked
  • Customs duties would be reduced
  • Marriage alliance with Catherine and Arthur
22
Q

What were the problems with the Catherine and Arthur Marriage alliance ?

A
  • Fernidad reluctant over marriage, whilst Warbeck threatened Henry’s dynastic stability
  • Argued over size of Catherine’s Dowry
23
Q

When did Arthur die ?

A
  • 1502
  • Fernidad reluctant to agree to Catherine and Henry’s marriage
  • Wanted better terms
24
Q

What was the impact of Isabella’s death in 1504 ?

A
  • Made Fernidad a less important figure
  • Struggle over power in Castile
  • Henry lost enthusiasm for Henry and Catherine’s marriage
25
Q

Who did Henry support in the Castile succession struggle ?

A
  • Juana (catherine’s sister)
  • Juana and her husband Philip of Burgandy were shipwrecked
  • Take refuge in England
  • Secured stronger relationship with Juana and Philip
26
Q

What was the Treaty of Windsor 1506 ?

A
  • Duke of Suffolk (edmund de la pole) handed over to Henry
  • Henry recognised Juana and Philip as rulers of Castile
  • Secured relations between two countries
27
Q

What was the impact of Philip of Burgandy’s death ?

A
  • Gave Fernidad the opportunity to rule over Castile again
  • Left Henry diplomatically isolated
  • Fernindad ensured Henry and Catherines marriage wouldn’t happen
28
Q

What did Henry do in response to Burgandy helping Warbeck ?

A

-Henry BANS trade with Burgandy

29
Q

What were the problems with the trade embargo on Burgandy ?

A
  • Ban conflicted with Henry’s foreign policy aims

- Prioritized the dynasty over trade

30
Q

When did relations between Burgandy and England improve ?

A

-Relations improved when Warbeck left Burgandy

31
Q

What was the Intercurcus Magnus 1496 ?

A
  • Lifted the trade ban with Burgundy

- Restored normal trading links

32
Q

What was the Intercurcus Malus 1506 ?

A
  • Trade Agreement

- Never became fully operative

33
Q

What were the results of Henry’s relations with Burgundy ?

A
  • Improved Englands trading positon

- Secured the Tudor dynasty

34
Q

Who was Earl of Kildare ?

A
  • Lord deputy of Ireland
  • Had Yorkist sympathies
  • Supported Simnel and Warbeck
35
Q

Who did Henry replace Kildare with in 1491 ?

A
  • Sir Edward Poynings

- Initially successful in establishing royal authority

36
Q

What was Poynings Law 1485 ?

A
  • Laws could be passed without Henry VII’s approval

- Henry didnt like this

37
Q

Why did Henry recall Poynings ?

A
  • Financial problems
  • Too expensive for Henry’s liking
  • Warbeck returned with army, made things worse
38
Q

Who did Henry restore as deputy of Ireland ?

A

-Kildare was restored as deputy of Ireland

39
Q

Why was Henry no longer suspicious of Kildare ?

A
  • Kildare decided to serve Henry loyally
  • No benefit in supporting Yorkists
  • Kildare used his office to rebuild his family fortunes (Henry could gain finances)- was eager to support him

Henry VII, 1485-1509 (6 decks)

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