Society Flashcards
anarchy
(n.) disorder, chaos, turmoil
Eg: Some authoritarian gov have fallen only to be replaced by anarchy and brutal conflict.
augur
(n.) 預言
(v. ) predict
eg: Volcanic eruptions augur political change and social upheaval.
upheaval
(n. ) turmoil, turbulence
eg: Many of the paintings reflect about political and social upheaval in the mid 1890s.
enshrine
(v. ) preserve (a right, tradition and idea) in a form that it will be protected and respected
eg: The current draft of a bill working its way through Parliament enshrines transgender rights by mandating inclusive education for trans children
idleness
(n. ) laziness, indolence
eg: He was punished for his idleness at school.
ethos
(n. ) spirit, atmosphere of a culture, era, community as manifested in the attitudes and aspirations
eg: It is a social security provision which does not erode the national working ethos
recidivism
(n.) 再犯
discriminations
(n.) prejudice, marginalisation, obstruction
privileges
(n.) entitlement, concessions, special benefits
deprived of many fundamental rights
denied basic prerogative
stigmatise
(v.) labelled
basic services
fundemental/rudimentary amenities
harrowing
(adj. ) upsetting, traumatic
eg: harrowing comments
leapfrog
(v. ) advance
eg: they are able to leapfrog this sector as landlines are non-existent mainly and they are now wirelessly connected with handphones and this allows for cottage business to be carried out
overtures
(n. ) introduction, lead-in
eg: this has led to overtures from the west with Barack Obama causing Myanmar
ever-widening GAP
income divide between the wealthy and improvised;
Disparity
freedom
emancipation, exoneration, extrication, liberation
ingrained
(adj.) entrenched, deeply rooted
Eg: USA is still suffering from its legacy of segregationist policies resulting in deep-seated and ingrained racism
civility
(n.)polite society, courteous behaviours
brings us all together as a community
unites us in a common identity
social order
codes of conduct/ behaviour
normal humanity
socially accepted/ regular person
social standing
position/ statues in society
folks
(n.) community
patriotism
nationalism
spurious
(n. ) false, fake, fictitious
eg: spurious claim
sanctions
punishments, penalities
nascent
(adj. ) (esp. a progress or organisation) just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of future potential
eg: nascent research effort
impartial
(adj.) unbiased, neutral, unprejudiced
Eg: helping countries in need in an impartial manner
palpable
(adj.) easily and clearly noticed, obvious, clear
Eg: a palpable number of US voters
orthodox
(adj.) conventional, traditional
Eg: urged Singaporeans to move beyond what is orthodox and to think out of the box
dawdle
(v.) waste time
Eg: Lawmakers should not dawdle in closing the gender gap
eclectic
(adj. ) deriving ideas, styles or taste from a diverse range of sources, wide-ranging
eg: The main advantage of the Internet is that it provides eclectic global community with instant access
embodiment
(n. ) manifestation, example
eg: Singapore is the embodiment of a globally connected country.
permissive
(adj. ) liberal
eg: permissive lifestyle
polarise
(v. ) to divide, split, separate, differentiate
eg: Arab Spring was a series of anti-gov protests, uprising and armed rebellions that spread across the Middle East polarising its people.
to build community
to establish/foster social bonding/ties/relationship/identity
common interests and ideas
similar concerns/ pursuits/ preference
sacrosanct
(adj.) sth that is so impt that no one is allowed to change it
Eg: we said to live in a world of alternative facts, where truth is no longer sacrosanct
coalesce
(v.) unit, blend, come tgt as one
Eg: history has always been a key resources around which national identities naturally coalesce
high-octane
(adj.) dynamic
Eg: in today’s high-octane economy
disguise
(v.) mask, camouflage, conceal (of a situation)
Eg: the magnitude of the refugee crisis has been disguised
fraternise
(v.) associate, mix with
Eg: it is impt for all Singaporeans to fraternise with ppl of all races
solicitous
(adj.) kind, caring, considerate
Eg: As her health worsened, her children became more solicitous towards her
gaffe
(n.) mistake made in a social situation or public
Eg: the speaker T the convention made a gaffe when he said Singapore was a welfare state
congruence
(n.) agreement, compatibility
Eg: the congruency in political systems among the majority of countries today is a relevant premise for global peace
abhorrent
(adj.) detestable
Eg: racism was abhorrent to us
debase
(v.) devalue; undermine
Eg: The rise of the meritocratic elite would debase education.
unequivocal
(adj.) unambiguous, leaving no doubt
Eg: an unequivocal answer
extemporaneous
(adj.) impromptu; unrehearsed
Eg: I had to make an extemporaneous speech at the reward banquet
exponent
(n. ) supporter; someone who supports an idea or belief
eg: keen exponent of reading
expostulate
(v. ) to express strong disapproval, disagreement or annoyance
eg: US Conservatives have expostulated that FB editors lean towards Liberal sources in selecting stories
Society
(n.) 社會
opprobrium
(v. ) vilification; harsh criticism; censure
eg: the critical opprobrium generated by his films
exigency
(n. ) an urgent need or demand
eg: women worked long hours when the exigencies of the family economy demanded it
allusions
(n.) implication; insinuation
Eg: an allusion to Shakespeare
