SOCIETY Flashcards
What was the dominant social structure during the Gupta Empire?
The caste system was rigid, with Brahmanical supremacy reinforced by land grants and religious patronage.
How did the caste system evolve during the Gupta period?
It became more rigid, with the emergence of numerous sub-castes due to the assimilation of foreign groups and tribal communities.
What was the position of women in Gupta society?
Women had a lower status, were generally denied property rights, and early marriage was encouraged.
Which inscription provides the first evidence of the practice of Sati?
The Eran Inscription (510 A.D.) of Bhanugupta.
Were women allowed to participate in religious activities?
Women could listen to the Epics and Puranas, but their overall participation in religious and social affairs was limited.
What was the impact of Brahmanical dominance on social structure?
Brahmins gained wealth and power through land grants, reinforcing their high status in society.
What were the main occupations of the Vaishyas and Shudras?
Vaishyas were engaged in trade, while Shudras transitioned from servitude to agriculture.
What role did guilds (Shrenis) play in Gupta society?
They functioned as self-governing professional bodies managing trade, craft, and local administration.
How was untouchability perceived in Gupta society?
It became more pronounced, and Chandalas (outcastes) faced social segregation.
How did foreign groups integrate into the caste system?
Many foreigners, like the Huns, were assimilated into the Kshatriya class and became part of the Hindu caste hierarchy.
How was marriage regulated in Gupta society?
Swayamvara (bride choosing her groom) declined, and arranged marriages became more common.
What was the role of religious festivals in society?
They were often tied to agriculture and temple rituals, benefiting priests and reinforcing Brahmanical authority.
How did the social status of Sudras change?
Sudras, previously seen as laborers and servants, gradually became agriculturists.
What were the social privileges of Brahmins?
Brahmins received tax-free land grants and performed religious ceremonies for the king and nobility.
How did the judiciary function in the Gupta Empire?
Laws were based on varna distinctions, and higher-caste offenders received lighter punishments.
What was the relationship between religion and society in the Gupta Empire?
Brahmanism dominated, idol worship became common, and new gods like Krishna gained prominence.
How did Buddhism and Jainism fare under Gupta rule?
Buddhism declined in the Gangetic Valley but thrived in northwestern India and abroad; Jainism flourished in western and southern India.
What was the role of Fa Hein in documenting Gupta society?
The Chinese traveler Fa Hein recorded that the people were happy, prosperous, and followed religious traditions.
What was the impact of land grants on society?
Religious functionaries and administrators gained economic power, while peasants often faced oppression.
What was the education system like in Gupta society?
Centers of learning like Nalanda University attracted scholars from India and abroad, emphasizing Buddhist and Hindu studies.
