socialism past paper questions Flashcards
three socialist views on equality
P- believe in social justice e.g. healthcare and wages
E- legal and formal justice is not enough
E- collectivism (webb - poverty is structural so requires structural response e.g. NMW)
P-believe in common ownership
E- priv property must be abolished and a capitalist economy provides false consciousness and inequality
E- revolutionary (Luxembourg) overthrowing bourgeoisie and workers will organise through the struggle of capitalism as they are fraternal
P- equality of outcome
E - govt intervention to ensure this, strong state, evolutionary/revisionist
E-crossland and minimising equality through taxes and govt spending to lead to equality and create cooperation
three views of the state
P- dictatorship of the proletariat (Marx and engels)
E- govt is ran by elitist to benefit the bourgouise and ran by the workers
E- revolutionary socialism, eventually withering away the state. Luxembourg believed revolution did not have to be planned but spontaneous after gaining consciousness to overthrow capitalist state
P- gradual reform by the state and a strong state
E- webb argued that trade unionism and extensive state intervention will eliminate poverty
E-democratic socialism - inevitably voted in by the electorate and peaceful protest and working class will realise they have no interest in capitalism
P- can improve equality through Keynesian economics and a welfare state (crossland disagrees with Marx) - modern revisionist view of redistributive role of state
E- socialist state must reconcile themselves to capitalist state
E- focus on education and infrastructure (giddens) to promote equality
(social democracy adopted by new labour) argue any social democratic candidates have been forced to dissolve socialist economic policies e.g. crossland made comprehensive schools to abolish segregation
three views on human nature
P- optimistic and fratenernal and naturally turn to solidarity and altruism
E- human nature however had been folded by capitalism and turned greedy and selfish but they will be molded by the struggle of it (Luxembourg)
E- division between the small exploiters and the many exploited
P- capitalism and its forces is inevitable and strong so can not be reversed (giddens)
E- any movement towards equality would require the recognition of the need for free market to empower individuals
E- natural social cohesion and cooperation of humans and altruism will facilitate this
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