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ideologies > core ideas of liberalism > Flashcards

core ideas of liberalism Flashcards

1
Q

individualiasm

A

places the rights of the indvidual over the rights of society

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2
Q

liberals believe individuals should…

A

-have full resposnibility for their own actions
-have as much freedom as possible
-should not have freedom harmed by the state
-shouldnt be restricted by govt intervention

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3
Q

what is egoistical individualism

A

the belief that the individual should atisfy their own wants and needs
e.g Thatecherism, dont believe in a society, more of a collection of self reliant individuals

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4
Q

developmental individualism

A

believes in a society and individuals should wish to live alongside eachother

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5
Q

devolpmental individualism supports…

A

more state intervention
beleve the state can make people more free by providing welfare
(view often held by social liberals)

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6
Q

freedom

A

an individuals freedom is the focus of liberalism

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7
Q

(freedom) the state should….

A

-ensure civil liberty
-guarantee freedom under the law
-extent of state depends whether pos or neg freedom is supported

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8
Q

capitalism/economic freedom

A

-believe in the principle of free choice
-some argue for some govt intervention in the free market

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9
Q

whos idea is the Harm Principle and what is it

A

John Stuart Mill
deals with the problem of when it is appropriate for society to limit the freedom of individuals (if it risks harm to others)

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10
Q

positive freedom

A

when an individual is given freedom to do what they wish by authority

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11
Q

eg of pos freedom

A

state giving social welfare to do with income what they wish

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12
Q

negative freedom

A

when an indviudual is free from external constraintsand do as they wish

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13
Q

eg of neg freedom

A

freedom from tyrannical government means someone can act as they wish without fear of govt

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14
Q

what do liberals describe the state as and why

A

‘a necessary evil’

necessary - provides struture to avid disorder

evil- has power to coerce indidivuduals and restrict

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15
Q

liberals and paternalism

A

liberals oposse it as it does mot respect the individual as a rational being or individual freedom

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16
Q

how do liberals want a limited state

A

constitutionalism
supporting rule of law and independent judiciary

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17
Q

classic liberals support a ______ economy

A

laissez faire

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18
Q

liberals support limited intervention because

A

humans are rational and able to improve themselves

19
Q

rationalism

A

the belief that humans are rational reasonable and logical

19
Q

rationalism

A

the belief that humans are rational reasonable and logical

20
Q

rationalism supports

A

individual freedom and self determindation

21
Q

liberalism supports a ___ society and promotes ____

A

progressuve

tolerance

22
Q

tolerance

A

the willingness of someone to respect opinions values customs and beliefs

23
Q

which key thinker is associated to tolerance

A

John Locke
he called for catholic emancipation when people in england were not free to practice it

24
Q

equality

A

the belief that all individuals are of equal rights and value

25
Q

foundation equality

A

all humans have rights simply by being born and cant be taken away

26
Q

example of foundational equality

A

the HRA 1998 act

27
Q

formal equality

A

all individuals have the same legal and political rights

28
Q

which thinker opposed to formal equality

A

John Stuart Mill

29
Q

equality of opportunity

A

all individuals should have equal chances in life to succeed or fail

30
Q

examples of equal opportunity

A

Liberal PM Gladstone created primary education for working class children

Peoples budget 1909 aimed at creating equality of opportunity

31
Q

what is liberal democracy

A

a democratic state that has a degree of limited govt and a prominant place for civil liberties

32
Q

which liberal thinker argues that democracy helps inddividuals to develop

A

John Stuart Mill

33
Q

what is required to ensure govt powers are checked

A

constitution

34
Q

example of limited govt

A

US systems, constituion lays out checks and balances and seperation of powers

35
Q

what is a free market

A

one left to its own devices with no govt interference

36
Q

which type of liberals argue free market is the most effciient

A

classic liberals

37
Q

which liberals support keynsian

A

social and modern

38
Q

what does keynsian reject that classic liberals accept

A

laissez faire economics

39
Q

meritrocracy

A

individuals succeed on the basis of their own ability

40
Q

social contract theory

A

the state is set up with an agreement of the peple to resoect its laws

41
Q

when was the idea of the social contract popularised

A

during the enlightenment

42
Q

e.g of a social contract

A

2016 EU referendum represents one for britian to leave the EU

ideologies (25 decks)

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